414 



Mr. S. A. Sworn on the Constitution 



Nov. 1888). This chemist has derived it from six regular 

 tetrahedra. It appears to me that Marsh's representation is 

 inconsistent with the stability of the benzene nucleus, because 

 the ortho-linkages closely resemble those characteristic of 

 olefinoid compounds, which are admittedly a source of mo- 

 lecular weakness. Each consists of two valency-channels 

 meeting at an angle (vide supra, p. 404). 



The researches of Nietzki (Ber. xviii. p. 504 ; xx. p. 322) 

 on the secondary and tertiary quinones, and those of Meldola 

 and Streatfeild (Phil. Mag. 1887, xxiii. p. 513 ; J. C. S. 1887, 

 pp. 115 & 448), afford further arguments for the existence of 

 para-linkage in benzene. 



(4) Hantzsch [Ber. xvii. p. 1512) investigated the conden- 

 sation of aceto-acetic ether with the aldehyde ammonias, and 

 showed that in the pyridine derivatives so produced the 

 7-carbon atom is identical with that directly attached to the 

 nitrogen of the aldehyde ammonia. 



Knorr and Antrick (Ber. xvii. p. 2870) have shown that 

 7-oxyquinaldine (a quinoline derivative) is obtained by the 

 action of aniline on aceto-acetic ether. This body they proved 

 to be a " lactim " of the constitution 



CH 



C.OH 



By direct alkylization it is converted into the " lactam " form 

 of methyl-y-oxyquinaldine, viz : — 



C CH, 



CH 



That this body is not the " lactim" form of 7-methoxyquinal- 

 dine, viz. 



is shown by the fact that they prepared it by the action of 



