220 FIFTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE 



The type designated as pasture, consists chiefly of old fields and orchards 

 which have grown up to a tangle of gray birch, cedar, alder, maple, etc. 

 In many cases they could be planted to great advantage should the owner 

 so desire. 



Agricultural land means land actually tilled or used for pasture. 



Origin. Practically the stand over the entire area can be considered 

 as of sprout origin. Scattered clumps of poplars, seeding in on abandoned 

 pastures, or fugitive hemlocks, may prove exceptions, but they are not 

 worth considering. 



Canopy. The forest canopy is ragged as a rule. Owing to the frequent 

 clear cutting operations that have been going on for generations and the 

 consequent exposure of the soil to direct insolation, fires, etc., a rather 

 scrubby growth has resulted and a complete canopy is decidedly lacking 

 over the bulk of the area. 



Humus. Owing to the lack of sufficient cover and the thin, hot soil, 

 humus is very slight in amount. About one inch would be the average 

 depth. 



Soil Cover. The soil cover consists, for the most part, of grass, ferns, 

 blueberry bushes and sweet fern. 



Reproduction. Chiefly from sprout. Concerning reproduction from 

 seed, maple and the black oaks are by far the most prominent. Several 

 nice clumps of tulips are to be found that have accidentally seeded in open- 

 ings, showing what could be done on suitable locations with proper man- 

 agement. 



Per Cent, of Species. From the sample plots taken, the following 

 are the per cents, derived. 



Chestnut 35 



Chestnut-oak 6 



Red oak '. 8 



Black oak 7 



White oak 5 



Locust 2 



Hickory 8 



Tulip .' 3 



