﻿yo 
  Sixteenth 
  Annual 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  Tree 
  Diseases 
  

  

  The 
  subject 
  of 
  diseases 
  of 
  forest 
  trees 
  is 
  most 
  important 
  and 
  

   on 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  increased 
  interest 
  in 
  forestry 
  has 
  attracted 
  much 
  

   attention. 
  The 
  white 
  pine 
  blister 
  rust 
  was 
  fully 
  discussed 
  in 
  the 
  

   annual 
  report 
  for 
  1909, 
  also 
  in 
  this 
  volume, 
  under 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  re- 
  

   foresting. 
  The 
  chestnut 
  blight 
  is 
  gradually 
  extending 
  over 
  more 
  

   territory. 
  The 
  abnormal 
  brown 
  coloring 
  of 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  

   balsam 
  leaves 
  throughout 
  the 
  Adirondack^ 
  attracted 
  much 
  atten- 
  

   tion 
  and 
  was 
  investigated 
  by 
  Forester 
  Howard, 
  a 
  digest 
  from 
  

   whose 
  report 
  follows: 
  

  

  " 
  I 
  examined 
  the 
  affected 
  balsam 
  on 
  a 
  lot 
  in 
  the 
  town 
  of 
  Lewis, 
  

   Essex 
  county 
  on 
  April 
  29th, 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  investigate 
  this 
  disease. 
  

   It 
  was 
  only 
  possible 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  grosser 
  aspects 
  of 
  the 
  disease 
  

   in 
  the 
  field, 
  therefore, 
  numerous 
  specimens 
  illustrating 
  the 
  progress 
  

   of 
  the 
  disease 
  were 
  forwarded 
  to 
  Albany. 
  The 
  disease 
  was 
  so 
  

   common 
  in 
  that 
  locality 
  that 
  approximately 
  two- 
  thirds 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  

   were 
  affected. 
  A 
  striking 
  feature 
  of 
  the 
  case 
  was 
  that 
  a 
  large 
  

   number 
  of 
  the 
  leaders 
  and 
  tips 
  of 
  the 
  lateral 
  branches 
  had 
  been 
  

   cut 
  off. 
  It 
  is 
  uncertain 
  what 
  agency 
  created 
  this 
  damage, 
  as 
  no 
  

   evidence 
  of 
  any 
  insect 
  or 
  animal 
  could 
  be 
  found 
  that 
  could 
  account 
  

   for 
  it, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  most 
  likely 
  that 
  the 
  loss 
  of 
  twigs 
  has 
  no 
  connection 
  

   with 
  the 
  disease. 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  trees 
  and 
  parts 
  of 
  trees 
  attacked 
  by 
  the 
  fungus 
  disease 
  

   are 
  readily 
  distinguishable 
  by 
  the 
  brilliant 
  red 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  diseased 
  

   portions. 
  Some 
  trees 
  have 
  been 
  entirely 
  killed 
  ; 
  others 
  are 
  dead 
  in 
  

   their 
  tops, 
  while 
  the 
  lower 
  parts 
  of 
  their 
  crowns 
  are 
  still 
  green 
  

   and 
  apparently 
  healthy; 
  still 
  others 
  have 
  occasional 
  branches 
  

   diseased. 
  Trees 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  class, 
  however, 
  are 
  the 
  exception 
  rather 
  

   than 
  the 
  rule. 
  The 
  evidence 
  in 
  this 
  matter 
  leads 
  us 
  to 
  believe 
  that 
  

   the 
  disease 
  normally 
  works 
  down 
  from 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  tree. 
  

  

  " 
  The 
  bark 
  on 
  the 
  branches 
  affected, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  trunk 
  where 
  

   it 
  is 
  attacked, 
  is 
  brownish 
  red 
  in 
  color 
  and 
  is 
  covered 
  in 
  many 
  places 
  

   with 
  the 
  fruiting 
  bodies 
  of 
  the 
  fungus 
  which 
  causes 
  the 
  trouble. 
  

   The 
  line 
  of 
  demarcation 
  between 
  the 
  live 
  bark 
  and 
  the 
  dead 
  bark 
  

   is 
  clear 
  cut 
  and 
  distinct. 
  The 
  fruiting 
  bodies 
  of 
  the 
  fungus 
  pro- 
  

  

  