﻿Forest, 
  Fish 
  and 
  Game 
  Commission 
  89 
  

  

  composed 
  of 
  witchhopple, 
  dogwood, 
  grasses 
  and 
  ferns. 
  Reproduc- 
  

   tion, 
  chiefly 
  maple 
  and 
  beech. 
  Of 
  the 
  softwoods, 
  spruce 
  and 
  hem- 
  

   lock 
  are 
  often 
  found 
  seeding 
  in, 
  but 
  the 
  shade 
  is 
  too 
  dense 
  for 
  pine. 
  

  

  The 
  proportion 
  of 
  species 
  would 
  be 
  about 
  as 
  follows: 
  Maple, 
  40 
  

   per 
  cent. 
  ; 
  beech, 
  30 
  per 
  cent. 
  ; 
  birch, 
  20 
  per 
  cent. 
  ; 
  miscellaneous, 
  

   10 
  per 
  cent. 
  

  

  Concerning 
  the 
  stand 
  per 
  acre: 
  Some 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  growth 
  will 
  

   yield 
  no 
  saw 
  timber 
  and 
  only 
  10-12 
  cords 
  of 
  fuel 
  wood 
  per 
  acre. 
  

   On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  the 
  virgin 
  woods 
  may 
  run 
  as 
  high 
  as 
  fifteen 
  to 
  

   eighteen 
  thousand 
  board 
  feet 
  or 
  eighty 
  to 
  ninety 
  cords 
  per 
  acre. 
  

   I 
  would 
  put 
  the 
  average 
  at 
  about 
  three 
  thousand 
  board 
  feet 
  or 
  

   about 
  twenty-two 
  cords 
  per 
  acre, 
  if 
  fuel 
  wood 
  were 
  used 
  as 
  the 
  

   unit. 
  

  

  Past 
  Management. 
  — 
  Close 
  to 
  the 
  railroad, 
  or 
  near 
  towns, 
  this 
  

   type 
  has 
  either 
  been 
  culled 
  for 
  building 
  material 
  or 
  cut 
  clear 
  for 
  

   cordwood, 
  while 
  in 
  less 
  accessible 
  regions 
  it 
  has 
  remained 
  un- 
  

   touched. 
  

  

  Future 
  Management. 
  — 
  To 
  suggest 
  a 
  practicable 
  scheme 
  for 
  man- 
  

   agement 
  for 
  the 
  northern 
  hardwoods 
  at 
  the 
  present 
  time 
  is 
  a 
  

   rather 
  difficult 
  problem, 
  unless 
  the 
  tract 
  is 
  within 
  easy 
  reach 
  of 
  a 
  

   railroad, 
  as 
  water 
  transportation 
  is 
  out 
  of 
  the 
  question. 
  If 
  a 
  good 
  

   market 
  for 
  all 
  kinds 
  of 
  materials 
  is 
  at 
  hand, 
  the 
  plan 
  that 
  appears 
  

   most 
  feasible 
  would 
  be 
  a 
  clear 
  cutting 
  operation 
  followed 
  by 
  plant- 
  

   ing 
  with 
  softwoods, 
  taking 
  advantage 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  growth 
  already 
  

   on 
  the 
  ground 
  to 
  furnish 
  side 
  shading. 
  It 
  is 
  certain 
  that 
  soil 
  which 
  

   will 
  produce 
  merchantable 
  hardwoods 
  will 
  prove 
  favorable 
  for 
  

   spruce 
  and 
  the 
  rapid 
  growing 
  Norway 
  spruce 
  should 
  make 
  good 
  

   growth. 
  

  

  hardwoods 
  with 
  spruce 
  

  

  The 
  description 
  of 
  the 
  above 
  type 
  concerning 
  canopy, 
  humus, 
  

   soil 
  cover, 
  etc., 
  can 
  be 
  considered 
  to 
  hold 
  true 
  for 
  this 
  type 
  also, 
  

   with 
  these 
  exceptions: 
  1st, 
  hardwood 
  is 
  generally 
  in 
  virgin 
  condi- 
  

   tion 
  ; 
  2d, 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  birch 
  is 
  usually 
  greater 
  ; 
  and, 
  3d, 
  the 
  under- 
  

   story 
  of 
  spruce 
  is 
  an 
  added 
  condition 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  more 
  remote 
  

   portions 
  of 
  the 
  county. 
  Yield 
  per 
  acre 
  would 
  average 
  about 
  5,000 
  

   feet. 
  

  

  