﻿Forest, 
  Fish 
  and 
  Game 
  Commission 
  95 
  

  

  and 
  pine 
  with 
  all 
  gradations 
  between; 
  but 
  in 
  all 
  cases 
  the 
  pine 
  

   forms 
  from 
  twenty-five 
  to 
  fifty 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  the 
  stand. 
  The 
  pine 
  

   is, 
  of 
  course, 
  of 
  seedling 
  origin 
  but 
  the 
  hardwoods 
  forming 
  the 
  

   balance 
  of 
  the 
  mixture 
  may 
  be 
  either 
  from 
  seed 
  or 
  from 
  sprouts. 
  

  

  The 
  conditions 
  regarding 
  canopy, 
  humus, 
  form, 
  etc., 
  are, 
  like 
  

   the 
  composition, 
  extremely 
  variable, 
  though 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  this 
  

   type 
  is 
  confined 
  to 
  steep 
  slopes 
  and 
  ridges 
  where 
  the 
  growth 
  is 
  

   scrubby, 
  and 
  hardly 
  worth 
  removal 
  at 
  the 
  high 
  cost 
  that 
  would 
  be 
  

   necessary. 
  In 
  some 
  cases, 
  however, 
  the 
  pine 
  is 
  of 
  good 
  form 
  and 
  

   within 
  a 
  few 
  years 
  will 
  furnish 
  a 
  splendid 
  cut. 
  The 
  chief 
  value 
  

   in 
  both 
  cases 
  is 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  pine 
  in 
  the 
  mixture 
  will 
  serve 
  as 
  

   seed 
  trees 
  and 
  by 
  proper 
  cuttings 
  the 
  proportion 
  of 
  this 
  valuable 
  

   species 
  can 
  be 
  greatly 
  increased. 
  

  

  Future 
  Management. 
  — 
  Concerning 
  the 
  treatment 
  for 
  this 
  type, 
  

   the 
  plan 
  in 
  brief 
  would 
  be 
  to 
  favor 
  the 
  pine 
  in 
  every 
  way 
  possible 
  

   both 
  to 
  hasten 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  the 
  trees 
  (thinning 
  around 
  selected 
  

   trees 
  as 
  above) 
  now 
  on 
  the 
  ground 
  and 
  when 
  removing 
  the 
  crop, 
  

   to 
  cut 
  the 
  hardwoods 
  to 
  a 
  lower 
  diameter 
  limit 
  than 
  the 
  pine, 
  thus 
  

   providing 
  for 
  plentiful 
  natural 
  reproduction. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  the 
  poplar 
  and 
  pine 
  mixture 
  the 
  pine 
  will 
  ulti- 
  

   mately 
  take 
  possession 
  of 
  the 
  soil, 
  as 
  the 
  poplar 
  tends 
  to 
  die 
  off 
  

   in 
  somewhere 
  around 
  forty 
  years. 
  Instead 
  of 
  awaiting 
  the 
  actual 
  

   death 
  of 
  the 
  poplar, 
  the 
  better 
  plan 
  would 
  be 
  to 
  thin 
  out 
  this 
  species 
  

   every 
  five 
  or 
  ten 
  years, 
  which 
  would 
  not 
  only 
  give 
  the 
  pine 
  a 
  

   chance 
  to 
  seed 
  in 
  but 
  also 
  increase 
  the 
  financial 
  returns 
  (see 
  future 
  

   management 
  of 
  poplar). 
  

  

  POPLAR 
  TYPE. 
  

  

  This 
  type 
  stands 
  next 
  to 
  pine 
  from 
  the 
  viewpoint 
  of 
  interest 
  

   and 
  economic 
  importance. 
  Originating 
  from 
  seed, 
  large 
  areas 
  

   growing 
  up 
  to 
  poplar, 
  white 
  birch, 
  etc., 
  are 
  generally 
  a 
  good 
  

   sign 
  that 
  the 
  site 
  in 
  question 
  has 
  been 
  burned 
  over. 
  Occasionally, 
  

   however, 
  spots 
  are 
  found 
  where 
  the 
  poplar 
  has 
  seeded 
  in 
  extensively 
  

   with 
  the 
  young 
  hardwoods. 
  This 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  

   the 
  poplar 
  seeded 
  in 
  just 
  after 
  the 
  area 
  had 
  been 
  cut 
  over 
  and 
  the 
  

   poplar 
  seedlings 
  are 
  coming 
  up 
  with 
  the 
  sprouts. 
  

  

  This 
  species 
  possesses 
  very 
  light 
  foliage 
  and 
  like 
  most 
  intolerant 
  

  

  