﻿Forest, 
  Fish 
  and 
  Game 
  Commission 
  115 
  

  

  geology 
  

  

  Geologically 
  this 
  region 
  is 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  glacial 
  drift. 
  This 
  

   is 
  shown 
  by 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  numerous 
  moraines 
  and 
  valleys, 
  the 
  

   result 
  of 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  the 
  ice 
  sheet. 
  

  

  The 
  underlying 
  rock 
  shows 
  considerable 
  variety. 
  The 
  northeast- 
  

   ern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  county 
  from 
  Boonville 
  in 
  a 
  straight 
  line 
  to 
  the 
  

   boundary 
  of 
  Herkimer 
  county 
  east 
  of 
  Hinckley 
  is 
  part 
  of 
  that 
  great 
  

   granite 
  region 
  so 
  prevalent 
  in 
  the 
  Adirondacks. 
  The 
  Trenton 
  lime- 
  

   stone 
  occupies 
  the 
  valley 
  of 
  the 
  Black 
  river 
  from 
  Lewis 
  county 
  

   where 
  it 
  is 
  about 
  three 
  miles 
  wide 
  south 
  east 
  to 
  Herkimer 
  county 
  

   where 
  it 
  reaches 
  a 
  width 
  of 
  seven 
  miles 
  at 
  Trenton 
  and 
  extends 
  to 
  

   a 
  considerable 
  distance 
  up 
  the 
  valleys 
  of 
  the 
  streams. 
  

  

  Utica 
  slate 
  covers 
  the 
  greater 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  towns 
  of 
  Steuben, 
  

   Floyd, 
  Deerfield, 
  and 
  a 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  Trenton. 
  Grey 
  sandstone 
  

   covers 
  Camden 
  and 
  Florence 
  in 
  a 
  broadening 
  belt 
  as 
  it 
  extends 
  out 
  

   toward 
  Lake 
  Ontario. 
  

  

  Oneida 
  conglomerate 
  is 
  common 
  in 
  many 
  sections 
  of 
  the 
  county 
  

   as 
  an 
  outcropping 
  and 
  underlies 
  large 
  areas 
  throughout 
  the 
  county. 
  

  

  Belts 
  of 
  limestone 
  and 
  sandstone 
  rock 
  extending 
  in 
  a 
  southeast- 
  

   erly 
  direction 
  are 
  found 
  from 
  Oneida 
  lake 
  southward 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  

   Augusta 
  and 
  Waterville 
  and 
  limestone 
  rock 
  is 
  continued 
  over 
  the 
  

   entire 
  eastern 
  half 
  of 
  Bridgewater. 
  These 
  belts 
  vary 
  from 
  lime- 
  

   stone 
  and 
  sandstone 
  to 
  limestone 
  and 
  shale 
  and 
  farther 
  south 
  be- 
  

   come 
  limstone 
  alone. 
  Southern 
  Augusta, 
  Sangerfield 
  and 
  western 
  

   Bridgewater 
  are 
  covered 
  with 
  shale 
  and 
  sandstone. 
  

  

  THE 
  SOIL 
  

  

  The 
  soil 
  resulting 
  from 
  the 
  weathering 
  of 
  so' 
  great 
  a 
  variety 
  

   of 
  bedrock 
  is 
  naturally 
  varied 
  in 
  its 
  composition. 
  Peat 
  and 
  

   muck 
  deposits 
  of 
  great 
  depth 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  prehistoric 
  lake 
  basins. 
  

   Clay 
  loams 
  cover 
  a 
  large 
  per 
  cent 
  of 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  county. 
  

   These 
  vary 
  greatly 
  in 
  depth, 
  large 
  areas 
  being 
  covered 
  so 
  thinly 
  

   that 
  cultivation 
  is 
  carried 
  on 
  with 
  difficulty, 
  and 
  in 
  many 
  cases 
  the 
  

   bedrock 
  projects 
  above 
  the 
  surface 
  making 
  it 
  unfitted 
  for 
  crop-. 
  

   Sand 
  loams 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  certain 
  sections 
  that 
  give 
  good 
  returns 
  

  

  