﻿120 
  Sixteenth 
  Annual 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  THE 
  SWAMP 
  TYPE 
  

  

  The 
  swamp 
  type 
  is 
  confined 
  chiefly 
  to 
  low-lying 
  valleys 
  contain- 
  

   ing 
  deposits 
  of 
  muck. 
  The 
  largest 
  swamp 
  region 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  south- 
  

   ern 
  Sangerfield, 
  where 
  it 
  occupies 
  a 
  rather 
  broad 
  valley, 
  probably 
  

   the 
  basin 
  of 
  a 
  prehistoric 
  lake. 
  The 
  principal 
  species 
  are 
  cedar, 
  

   pine, 
  balsam, 
  hemlock, 
  black 
  ash, 
  red 
  maple 
  and 
  elm. 
  The 
  repro- 
  

   duction 
  of 
  the 
  cedar 
  and 
  other 
  conifers 
  is 
  being 
  gradually 
  super- 
  

   seded 
  by 
  the 
  reproduction 
  of 
  deciduous 
  species 
  and 
  it 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  

   undergoing 
  transition 
  from 
  an 
  evergreen 
  to 
  a 
  deciduous 
  forest. 
  

  

  Past 
  Management. 
  — 
  These 
  swamp 
  lands 
  have 
  been 
  used 
  for 
  the 
  

   production 
  of 
  ties 
  and 
  poles. 
  They 
  have 
  been 
  especially 
  important 
  

   in 
  this 
  section 
  for 
  the 
  production 
  of 
  the 
  small 
  poles 
  used 
  in 
  the 
  

   neighboring 
  hop 
  fields. 
  These 
  are 
  cut 
  for 
  this 
  purpose 
  when 
  they 
  

   reach 
  four 
  or 
  five 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter 
  and 
  are 
  of 
  so 
  great 
  importance 
  

   to 
  the 
  industry 
  that 
  farmers 
  for 
  miles 
  around 
  each 
  own 
  a 
  few 
  

   acres 
  of 
  swamp 
  land. 
  

  

  Future 
  Management. 
  — 
  The 
  area 
  of 
  these 
  swamps 
  is 
  being 
  gradu- 
  

   ally 
  encroached 
  upon 
  for 
  agricultural 
  purposes. 
  These 
  lowlands 
  

   when 
  properly 
  drained 
  make 
  ideal 
  sites 
  for 
  hop 
  raising, 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   leading 
  industries 
  of 
  this 
  section. 
  They 
  will 
  continue 
  to 
  produce 
  

   poles 
  until 
  by 
  draining 
  they 
  are 
  made 
  more 
  valuable 
  for 
  the 
  pro- 
  

   duction 
  of 
  agricultural 
  crops. 
  They 
  will 
  then 
  cease 
  to 
  be 
  forested. 
  

   It 
  is 
  only 
  a 
  question 
  of 
  time 
  until 
  all 
  such 
  lands 
  are 
  drained 
  and 
  used 
  

   for 
  agriculture. 
  

  

  THE 
  MIXED 
  PINE 
  TYPE 
  

  

  The 
  mixed 
  pine 
  type 
  originally 
  occupied 
  large 
  areas 
  in 
  the 
  north- 
  

   ern 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  county. 
  The 
  original 
  forest 
  was 
  chiefly 
  pine 
  with 
  

   hemlock, 
  some 
  hardwoods, 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  sections 
  spruce 
  in 
  mixture. 
  

   The 
  soil 
  of 
  this 
  region 
  is 
  principally 
  sand 
  and 
  the 
  ultimate 
  forest 
  

   will 
  be 
  the 
  mixed 
  pine 
  type, 
  no 
  matter 
  what 
  the 
  present 
  compo- 
  

   sition 
  of 
  the 
  forest 
  may 
  be. 
  Wherever 
  fire 
  has 
  occurred 
  the 
  poplar 
  

   occupies 
  a 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  and 
  is 
  an 
  important 
  species 
  that 
  

   must 
  be 
  considered 
  in 
  the 
  future 
  management. 
  

  

  Past 
  Management. 
  — 
  There 
  are 
  a 
  few 
  areas 
  that 
  still 
  contain 
  some 
  

   of 
  the 
  original 
  forest, 
  but 
  these 
  are 
  very 
  limited 
  in 
  extent. 
  The 
  

  

  