A FOREST WORKING PLAN. 447 



by cutting them in even two-foot lengths of pulpwood, ten, twelve fourteen and 

 sixteen feet (sixteen-foot lengths should only be allowed in the top logs), to 

 bring the cutting point to the desired limit in the top of the tree. Logs in the 

 tops might be cut to any smaller diameter than five inches by the contractor if 

 he so desired, but when so cut they should be scaled and included at the stated 

 limit. For example, if a spruce log be cut down to four inches in the top, 

 sixteen feet long, it should be scaled and taken as a five-inch log to counteract 

 the effect of the increased taper near the top of the tree. 



An eight-inch diameter limit in the top is advised for cutting the pine. Pine 

 logs are not generally considered merchantable when cut shorter than ten feet in 

 length and eight inches in diameter at the top end. No timber which will make 

 a log of these dimensions should be allowed to be left in the woods. The lumber- 

 man or contractor should be allowed to cut pine timber in the tops down to a 

 smaller diameter if he desires to do so, and should be charged only what 

 it actually scales, as he will be removing objectionable timber from the tract by 

 so doing. In cutting pine the contractors should cut the logs in ten, twelve, 

 fourteen and sixteen foot lengths, as the particular tree being cut might require. 

 No longer length of timber than sixteen feet should be allowed to be cut and 

 measured at the top end except for the purpose of saving timber. There are 

 slight changes from the diameter limits advised in Bulletin 30, but after a careful 

 study on the subject it is considered to be for the best interest of the forests 

 that these slight changes in the policy formerly advised be made, and they 

 should also apply to Township 40. 



Felling Timber and Cutting Roads. 



The greatest care should be exercised in felling trees, in order to minimize 

 the damage done to the small growth. A large amount of unnecessary destruction 

 of young and valuable species is caused by carelessness on the part of the men 

 felling the timber. Much of this can be prevented by the exercise of care in 

 selecting an opening where the least possible damage will be caused. This should 

 be done whenever possible. 



In locating and cutting out roads no more cutting should be done than is 

 actually necessary to make a sufficient passage for the loaded teams. Many 

 lumbermen make a very serious mistake by cutting too many roads for the area 

 to be lumbered, and cutting them wider than is really necessary. Much damage 

 is also caused by building more skidways than are needed. By cutting more 

 branch roads than are necessary the lumbermen lose not only the cost of cutting 

 out and leveling up, but they are also compelled in the winter to break out and 



