FISHERIES, GAME AND FORESTS. 245 



Illustration No. 11. — Where the Young Lampreys Live aiid the Old Lampreys Die. Looking 

 up stream. The pail is on a sand-bar in the water from which many young (larval) lampreys 

 were taken, and just at the left of it is the shore that was photographed for No. 14. It was to 

 this spot that debris, living larval lampreys, dead adult lampreys, dead fish, etc., were carried 

 from the stream bed (water two feet deep, silt three feet) of the lower right-hand comer of this 

 illustration (No. 11) and photographed for No. 13. In the edge of the bushes directly over 

 the pail was where the camera stood in taking No. 1 2. 



Illustration No. 12. — Where the Young Lampreys Live and the Old Lampreys Die. Looking 

 down stream toward the middle of the bottom of No. 1 1, from the point at the shore just above 

 the center of No. 11. At the right of the pail is where Nos. 1 3 and 14 were taken ; the debris, 

 etc., for No. 13 being carried from near the middle of the pool just over the pail shown here. 



Illustration No. 13 — Life and Death. Debris containing many larval lampreys and dead 

 lampreys and fishes. Carried from near the center of No. 12. Photographed on the shore at 

 the left of the pail in No. 11, after the exposure was made for No. 14. The sunken leaves, 

 sticks and silt in which so many young lampreys were found, show that these larvae prefer to live 

 where there is an abundant organic deposit or sediment rather than in a mere sand-bank. The 

 several spawned-out dead lampreys, not visible until the mud was laken out, indicate that such 

 a site as this becomes their final resting place. In short, this debris was from a place where the. 

 force of the current is lost and all kinds of organic material sinks. Here is where the larval 

 lampreys find the greatest amount of food, consequently they occur here in greatest numbers. 



Illustration No. 14. — Tracks of Birds and Mammals along the Shore Where Larval 

 Lampreys Live. Some of these animals have been known to destroy the young lampreys, and 

 undoubted proof is often found of their having taken them from the sand. Photograph of a 

 portion of the shore just at the left of the pail in No. 1 1. 



Illustration No 15. — Lampreys Climbing Falls. Reproduction (by permission) of a photo- 

 graph of the three-toothed lamprey of the West Coast, climbing Falls in the Willamette River, 

 Oregon. Taken by Dr. H. M. Smith, United States Fish Commissioner. (See article in the 

 Scientific American, for April, 1900.) 



Illustration No. 16. — Twelve Bullheads, Homed Pout, or " Catfish" fatally injured by 

 Lampreys. Collected and photographed by the writer. 



Illustration No. 17. — Eight Bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) fatally injured by Lampreys, and 

 showing characteristic Lamprey scars. Collected in Cayuga Lake and photographed by the writer. 



H. A. SURFACE, Professor of Zoology, 

 The Pennsylvania State College, State College P. O., Pa. 



Department of Zoology. 



