FISHERIES, GAME AND FORESTS. 413 



our shore, so much as the sand-blast or the sand which the wind carries with it, which 

 the tender shoots of almost all species are unable to withstand. The species which 

 do best under the circumstances are those which have tough foliage, such as the beach- 

 grass, bayberry, holly, etc. In the lee of some sort of a protection a great variety of 

 species will grow luxuriantly. This may be seen all along the Jersey and Long Island 

 coasts. 



Among the species of trees in the latitude of New York, which do well on sandy 

 soils, the following are worthy of special mention : Pinns rigida (pitch pine), Pinus 

 Virginiana (scrub pine), Pinus sylvestris (Scotch pine), Pinus Austriaca (Austrian pine), 

 Pinus cchinata (smoothbark pine), Juniperus Virginiana (red cedar). Hardy oaks 

 (Q. minor, Q. rubra, Q. tinctoria, Q. alba, etc.)/ Robinia pscudacacia (locust), poplars, 

 especially Populus deltoidcs (Carolina poplar), sassafras, Ilex opaca (holly), and Prunus 

 serotina (black cherry). 



In many sandy districts in South Jersey I have seen the Carolina poplar growing 

 with great rapidity. When we consider the great amount of wood of this species 

 which is sold, perhaps more than that of any other, that it grows with great rapidity 

 in very inhospitable situations, and that it may be very easily and quickly propagated 

 from cuttings, it deserves first rank in the list of species for future planting on poor 

 soils in southern districts, such as the pine lands of Long Island and of New Jersey. 



Long Island Coast. 



Much that I have said here is applicable to Long Island, a large part of which 

 consists of sandy and gravelly land. A journey by rail from New York to Montauk 

 is quite sufficient to convince one that there are many thousands of acres of sandy 

 land on this island which are fit only for forest. It has been cut and burned over so 

 often that there is little left but a scrubby growth of pine and coppice oak. No 

 wonder the soil is poor. Still, the patches of woodland on private preserves which 

 have been cared for, are evidence enough of the capabilities of this soil for the pro- 

 duction of wood. 



No region could be more favorably located as to markets and transportation facil- 

 ities, and'no region could be more easily protected from fire. This sandy plain forms 

 a long strip along the southern shore of the island. It is crossed by many streams, 

 which are of great service in preventing the spread of fire. Along the shore of 

 the mainland there are many fine estates, representing an immense amount of wealth. 

 Here one may see many beautiful preserves, trout hatcheries, hunting grounds, golf 

 links, etc., etc. There is only a small population of the kind of people who set fire 

 purposely, as in the country further south, where natives fire the bush to improve the 



