﻿AND 
  AVES 
  OF 
  NORTH 
  AMERICA. 
  

  

  49 
  

  

  Present. 
  

  

  Lost. 
  

  

  Total 
  

  

  No. 
  

  

  Length 
  In. 
  

  

  No. 
  

  

  Length 
  In. 
  

   24 
  

  

  lengths. 
  

   24 
  

  

  m 
  

  

  257.5 
  

  

  Si 
  

  

  22.3 
  

  

  279.8 
  

  

  14 
  

  

  55.10 
  

  

  10 
  

  

  37.6 
  

  

  93.4 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  60.4 
  

  

  30 
  

   43A 
  

  

  60. 
  

  

  120.4 
  

  

  103* 
  

  

  517.6 
  

  

  In. 
  

  

  Lin. 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  9.2 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  8. 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  10.2 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  9. 
  

  

  

  7.5 
  

  

  

  6. 
  

  

  

  27. 
  

  

  

  9.7 
  

  

  

  3. 
  

  

  

  10.5 
  

  

  Cranium, 
  

   Cervicals, 
  

   Dorso-lumbars, 
  

   Caudals, 
  

  

  Total, 
  

  

  This 
  gives 
  the 
  total 
  length 
  to 
  the 
  animal 
  of 
  forty-three 
  feet, 
  two 
  inches, 
  which, 
  increased 
  by 
  the 
  amount 
  taken 
  

   up 
  by 
  intervertebral 
  cartilages, 
  will 
  give 
  roundly 
  about 
  forty-five 
  feet. 
  Of 
  this, 
  twenty-two 
  feet 
  must 
  be 
  reckoned 
  to 
  

  

  the 
  neck. 
  

  

  Measurements. 
  

  

  The 
  cervical 
  vertebras 
  from 
  the 
  sixty-sixth 
  to 
  the 
  thirty-ninth 
  are 
  all 
  longer 
  than 
  the 
  dorsals; 
  they 
  commence 
  four 
  

   inches 
  in 
  length, 
  increase 
  to 
  five, 
  and 
  diminish 
  to 
  four 
  again. 
  

  

  Length 
  of 
  sixty-third 
  cervical, 
  

  

  Depth 
  articular 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  centrum, 
  

  

  Width 
  " 
  " 
  " 
  

  

  Total 
  elevation 
  ninth 
  do., 
  

  

  Length 
  ninth 
  caudal, 
  

  

  Transverse 
  diameter 
  articular 
  face, 
  

  

  Vertical 
  " 
  articular 
  face 
  do., 
  

  

  Length 
  head 
  of 
  rib, 
  

  

  Width 
  " 
  " 
  

  

  " 
  shaft 
  

  

  Many 
  of 
  the 
  ribs 
  preserved 
  have 
  been 
  pressed 
  upon 
  the 
  vertebra? 
  and 
  crushed. 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  dorsal 
  is 
  that 
  vertebra 
  which 
  first 
  presents 
  a 
  distinct 
  articulation 
  for 
  a 
  rib. 
  The 
  diapophyses 
  are 
  never 
  

   much 
  elevated 
  above 
  the 
  centrum 
  and 
  are 
  longest 
  on 
  the 
  thirteenth 
  (inserting 
  seven 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  lost). 
  Their 
  form 
  

   is 
  stout 
  and 
  much 
  depressed, 
  and 
  distally 
  expanded. 
  They 
  diminish 
  gradually, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  third 
  are 
  represented 
  by 
  a 
  

   longitudinal, 
  slightly 
  concave 
  articular 
  surface, 
  somewhat 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  caudals. 
  This 
  surface 
  is 
  bounded 
  

   above 
  and 
  below 
  by 
  a 
  longitudinal, 
  angulation; 
  the 
  superior 
  is 
  first 
  distinct 
  on 
  the 
  first, 
  and 
  bounds 
  the 
  articular 
  sur- 
  

   face 
  last 
  on 
  the 
  third. 
  They 
  give 
  the 
  transverse 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  posterior 
  cervicals 
  a 
  pentagonal 
  form; 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  an- 
  

   terior 
  dorsals 
  is 
  nearly 
  circular. 
  The 
  latter 
  are 
  strongly 
  constricted 
  medially, 
  and 
  the 
  articular 
  faces 
  are 
  slightly 
  con- 
  

   cave. 
  The 
  external 
  surface 
  near 
  the 
  included 
  angle 
  is 
  coarsely 
  ridged, 
  in 
  conformity 
  with 
  coarse 
  cellular 
  texture 
  of 
  

   the 
  spongy 
  bone. 
  The 
  venous 
  foramina 
  gradually 
  become 
  more 
  widely 
  separated, 
  approaching 
  each 
  other 
  again 
  on 
  

   the 
  posterior 
  cervicals. 
  On 
  the 
  dorsals 
  they 
  occupy 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  a 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  pronounced 
  concavity. 
  These 
  con- 
  

   cavities, 
  on 
  the 
  posterior 
  dorsals, 
  are 
  bounded 
  externally 
  by 
  a 
  strong 
  obtuse 
  longitudinal 
  angulation, 
  giving 
  a 
  quad- 
  

   rate 
  outline 
  to 
  the 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  centrum 
  in 
  this 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  series. 
  

  

  The 
  posterior 
  cervicals 
  are 
  not 
  readily 
  distinguished 
  from 
  the 
  anterior 
  dorsals. 
  In 
  the 
  latter 
  the 
  ribs 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  

   present, 
  of 
  reduced 
  length, 
  judging 
  from 
  the 
  smaller 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  remaining 
  heads. 
  The 
  articular 
  pits 
  continue 
  to 
  de- 
  

   scend 
  till 
  their 
  lower 
  marginal 
  ridge 
  is 
  the 
  inferior 
  lateral 
  angle 
  of 
  the 
  vertebra. 
  On 
  such 
  vertebrae 
  the 
  inferior 
  surface 
  

   is 
  fiat. 
  The 
  neural 
  spines 
  on 
  dorsals 
  and 
  posterior 
  cervicals 
  are 
  of 
  great 
  height 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  antero-posterior 
  width, 
  and 
  

   they 
  allow 
  a 
  very 
  narrow 
  interval 
  between 
  them. 
  

  

  Antero-posterior 
  diameter 
  '? 
  12th 
  dorsal, 
  

   Transverse 
  diameter 
  articular 
  surface, 
  

   Vertical 
  do. 
  do., 
  

  

  Neural 
  canal 
  and 
  spine 
  (latter 
  broken), 
  

   Length 
  diapophysis 
  12th 
  dorsal, 
  

   Width 
  diapophysis 
  at 
  middle, 
  

   AMERI. 
  PHILOSO. 
  SOC. 
  — 
  VOL. 
  XIV. 
  13 
  

  

  In. 
  

  

  Lin. 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  7.2 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  10. 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  2.5 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  3.5 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  

  1 
  

  

  10. 
  

  

  