﻿In. 
  

  

  Lin. 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  4.5 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  3. 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  10. 
  

  

  

  10.2 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  2.5 
  

  

  11 
  

  

  9. 
  

  

  6 
  

  

  

  1 
  

  

  10.2 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  

  5 
  

  

  3. 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  9. 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  7. 
  

  

  50 
  THE 
  EXTINCT 
  BATRACHIA, 
  REPTILIA 
  

  

  Anteroposterior 
  diam. 
  ?llth 
  dorsal, 
  

  

  Transverse 
  posterior 
  of 
  articular 
  face, 
  

  

  Vertical 
  do. 
  do. 
  do., 
  

  

  Transverse 
  posterior 
  of 
  neural 
  canal, 
  

  

  Transverse 
  posterior 
  of 
  articular 
  face, 
  3d 
  dorsal, 
  

  

  Elevation 
  centrum, 
  arch 
  and 
  spine, 
  2d 
  dorsal, 
  

  

  Elevation 
  upper 
  edge 
  zygantrum 
  2d 
  dorsal, 
  

  

  Length 
  zygantrum, 
  upper 
  edge, 
  do., 
  

  

  Length 
  centrum, 
  last 
  cervical, 
  

  

  Width 
  centrum 
  articular 
  face 
  cervical, 
  

  

  Elevation 
  neural 
  arch 
  and 
  spine 
  cervical, 
  

  

  Antero-posterior 
  width 
  neural 
  spine 
  of 
  cervical 
  at 
  zygapophysis, 
  

   TJie 
  cervical 
  vertebra 
  are 
  assumed 
  to 
  commence 
  where 
  the 
  rib 
  pits 
  cease, 
  and 
  the 
  continuous 
  lateral 
  processes 
  

   commence. 
  This 
  point 
  is 
  ascertained 
  with 
  difficulty 
  on 
  the 
  specimen. 
  It 
  is, 
  however, 
  perhaps 
  the 
  same 
  point 
  where 
  

   the 
  longitudinal 
  lateral 
  ridge 
  leaves 
  the 
  upper 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  rib 
  pit 
  ; 
  and 
  it 
  was 
  to 
  the 
  series 
  of 
  vertebra? 
  which 
  pass 
  

   this 
  point, 
  the 
  scapular 
  bones, 
  —the 
  clavicle 
  and 
  coracoid 
  were 
  found 
  attached. 
  On 
  the 
  anterior 
  dorsals 
  the 
  inferior 
  

   margin 
  of 
  the 
  rib 
  pit 
  is 
  most 
  prominent, 
  and 
  is 
  finally 
  produced 
  in 
  a 
  flat 
  thin 
  process 
  which 
  is 
  directed 
  obliquely 
  

   downwards. 
  Both 
  these 
  and 
  the 
  posterior 
  ribs 
  are 
  crushed 
  on 
  the 
  centra 
  and 
  project 
  obliquely 
  below 
  them; 
  their 
  mode 
  

   of 
  attachment 
  is 
  thus 
  rendered 
  rather 
  obscure. 
  A 
  similar 
  structure 
  exists 
  in 
  the 
  posterior 
  cervicals 
  of 
  Cimoliasaurus, 
  

   while 
  on 
  the 
  anterior 
  dorsals 
  or 
  where 
  the 
  rib-origins 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  plane, 
  short 
  thick 
  diapophyses 
  support 
  the 
  ribs. 
  

   The 
  proximal 
  cervicals 
  are 
  remarkable 
  for 
  their 
  compressed 
  and 
  elongate 
  form. 
  They 
  are 
  for 
  a 
  considerable 
  distance 
  

   longer 
  than 
  any 
  dorsals. 
  The 
  lateral 
  longitudinal 
  ridge 
  rises 
  successively 
  nearer 
  to 
  the 
  neural 
  arch 
  and 
  disappears. 
  

   The 
  articular 
  surfaces 
  are 
  vertically 
  oval, 
  flattened 
  above 
  and 
  below. 
  The 
  inferior 
  faces 
  are 
  slightly 
  grooved 
  in 
  line 
  

   with 
  the 
  venous 
  foramina. 
  These 
  vertebra? 
  diminish 
  in 
  length, 
  and 
  after 
  the 
  posterior 
  third 
  of 
  the 
  series, 
  materially 
  

   in 
  depth. 
  They 
  diminish 
  to 
  terminal 
  ones 
  of 
  very 
  small 
  size. 
  In 
  most 
  the 
  decurved 
  ? 
  pleurapophyses 
  are 
  broken 
  near 
  

   the 
  base, 
  but 
  the 
  basal 
  portion 
  of 
  various 
  lengths 
  generally 
  adheres. 
  They 
  are 
  as 
  wide 
  as 
  a 
  rib; 
  and 
  scarcely 
  half 
  as 
  

   thick. 
  On 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  most 
  anterior 
  vertebrae, 
  they 
  are 
  quite 
  short 
  and 
  broad 
  antero-posteriorly. 
  They 
  have 
  much 
  

   greater 
  antero-posterior 
  extent 
  on 
  the 
  terminal 
  than 
  the 
  proximal 
  cervical 
  centra, 
  having 
  a 
  base 
  five-sixths 
  the 
  length 
  

   of 
  the 
  latter. 
  The 
  zygapophyses 
  have 
  relatively 
  a 
  larger 
  size 
  on 
  these 
  than 
  any 
  other 
  vertebrae. 
  In 
  such 
  the 
  centrum 
  

   is 
  less 
  compressed, 
  though 
  with 
  concave 
  sides, 
  and 
  with 
  a 
  section 
  rather 
  quadrate. 
  

  

  The 
  caudal 
  vertebra 
  have 
  slightly 
  concave 
  articular 
  surfaces, 
  which 
  are 
  not 
  bounded 
  by 
  groove 
  or 
  ridge. 
  The 
  

   neural 
  arches 
  have 
  flat 
  sides, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  longitudinal 
  ridge 
  above 
  the 
  diapophyses. 
  The 
  neural 
  spines 
  are 
  

   elevated, 
  the 
  margins 
  of 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  adjacent 
  vertebra? 
  close 
  together. 
  The 
  diapophysis 
  is 
  very 
  short 
  and 
  wide, 
  

   terminating 
  in 
  a 
  large 
  oval 
  concavity 
  for 
  the 
  pleurapophyses. 
  Each 
  limb 
  of 
  the 
  chevron 
  bone 
  is 
  attached 
  to 
  an 
  

   articular 
  surface 
  on 
  the 
  lower 
  posterior 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  vertebra, 
  at 
  the 
  extremity 
  of 
  a 
  strong 
  inferior 
  ridge. 
  These 
  inferior 
  

   ridges 
  are 
  rather 
  close 
  together, 
  and 
  distinguish 
  the 
  vertebra? 
  from 
  those 
  of 
  Cimoliasaurus 
  magnus, 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  

   wanting. 
  They 
  are 
  absent 
  on 
  the 
  anterior 
  seven 
  of 
  the 
  caudal 
  series. 
  The 
  diapophysis 
  is 
  nearer 
  the 
  anterior 
  than 
  the 
  

   posterior 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  vertebra. 
  The 
  venous 
  foramen 
  is 
  single 
  and 
  median, 
  on 
  all 
  but 
  the 
  last 
  six 
  cervicals. 
  

  

  Antero-posterior 
  diameter 
  of 
  fourth 
  caudal, 
  

   Transverse 
  do., 
  

   Total 
  elevation, 
  

   Vertical 
  diameter 
  centrum, 
  

   Anterior-posterior 
  diam. 
  diapophysial 
  pit, 
  

   do. 
  do. 
  third 
  cervical, 
  

  

  Transverse 
  do. 
  do., 
  

  

  Heads 
  of 
  fourteen 
  ribs 
  are 
  preserved, 
  and 
  a 
  great 
  number 
  of 
  shafts. 
  The 
  heads 
  are 
  simple, 
  with 
  elongate 
  oval 
  

   articular 
  face. 
  They 
  are 
  oblique 
  in 
  the 
  narrow 
  direction, 
  and 
  frequently 
  in 
  their 
  length 
  also 
  ; 
  the 
  margins 
  are 
  

   somewhat 
  everted. 
  The 
  extremities 
  of 
  the 
  diapophyses 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  dorsal 
  vertebra? 
  are 
  transverse, 
  some 
  flattened, 
  

  

  In. 
  

  

  Lin. 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  10.5 
  

  

  8 
  

  

  

  3 
  

  

  1.5 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  9.2 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  2. 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  11. 
  

  

  