﻿60 
  THE 
  EXTINCT 
  BATEACHIA, 
  REPTILIA 
  

  

  tebraj 
  and 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  femur; 
  the 
  third 
  a 
  nearly 
  perfect 
  vertebra 
  and 
  diapophysis 
  of 
  another, 
  with 
  dermal 
  hones; 
  

   the 
  fourth 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  femur, 
  with 
  fibula 
  and 
  dermal 
  bones; 
  fifth, 
  ribs 
  and 
  dermal 
  bones, 
  with 
  pelvis. 
  

  

  Seven 
  vertebrce 
  present 
  centra, 
  and 
  are 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  nearly 
  perfect. 
  There 
  are 
  probably 
  no 
  cervicals, 
  but 
  there 
  are 
  

   three 
  forms 
  of 
  diapophyses 
  which 
  indicate 
  different 
  positions 
  in 
  the 
  vertebral 
  column. 
  

  

  That 
  which 
  I 
  suppose 
  to 
  represent 
  the 
  most 
  anterior, 
  has 
  a 
  short, 
  wide 
  diapox>hysis 
  with 
  tubercular 
  articular 
  sur- 
  

   face, 
  and 
  a 
  short 
  knob 
  with 
  capitular 
  articulation 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  anterior 
  aspect 
  of 
  the 
  neurapophysis, 
  with 
  its 
  su- 
  

   perior 
  margin 
  on 
  the 
  plane 
  of 
  the 
  diapophysis. 
  In 
  the 
  next, 
  the 
  diapophysis 
  is 
  short, 
  wide, 
  and 
  closely 
  connected 
  at 
  

   the 
  base 
  with 
  a 
  capitular 
  articular 
  tubercle, 
  for 
  the 
  rib, 
  the 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  diapophysis 
  furnishing 
  the 
  tubercular 
  

   surface. 
  Iu 
  the 
  first 
  of 
  these 
  the 
  diapophysis 
  is 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  the 
  elevation 
  of 
  the 
  anterior 
  zygapophysis 
  above 
  the 
  cen- 
  

   trum, 
  and 
  the 
  capitular 
  knob 
  measures 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  latter 
  space 
  with 
  its 
  superior 
  margin, 
  being 
  in 
  the 
  plane 
  of 
  

   the 
  diapophysis. 
  In 
  three 
  others 
  the 
  elevated 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  capitular 
  articulation 
  is 
  visible. 
  The 
  second 
  form 
  of 
  

   diapophysis 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  a 
  nearly 
  perfect 
  vertebra 
  in 
  immediate 
  connection 
  with 
  that 
  first 
  described 
  above, 
  but 
  probably 
  

   in 
  abnormal 
  relation. 
  The 
  process 
  is 
  narrower, 
  but 
  flat, 
  and 
  without 
  capitular 
  process 
  at 
  base, 
  nor 
  is 
  there 
  any 
  cap- 
  

   tular 
  articulation 
  on 
  the 
  centrum. 
  Its 
  position 
  is 
  much 
  lower 
  than 
  in 
  those 
  just 
  described, 
  being 
  opposite 
  to 
  the 
  

   middle 
  of 
  the 
  centrum. 
  Its 
  extremities 
  are 
  imperfect, 
  probably 
  broken 
  off. 
  I 
  suspect 
  that 
  their 
  condition 
  is 
  indicated 
  

   by 
  an 
  isolated 
  diapophysis, 
  which 
  is 
  accompanied 
  by 
  tubercular 
  articular 
  face 
  at 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  18 
  lines 
  from 
  its 
  extrem- 
  

   ity, 
  and 
  probably 
  at 
  some 
  distance 
  from 
  its 
  base, 
  which 
  is, 
  however, 
  lost. 
  The 
  third 
  type 
  of 
  diapophysis 
  is 
  seen 
  in 
  two 
  

   examples; 
  one, 
  in 
  normal 
  relation 
  to 
  its 
  centrum, 
  etc. 
  This 
  is 
  quite 
  slender 
  and 
  elongate, 
  compressed 
  at 
  base, 
  and 
  

   cylindric 
  throughout 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  length. 
  On 
  the 
  posterior 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  extremity 
  is 
  a 
  slightly 
  concave 
  articular 
  face; 
  

   the 
  extremity 
  proper 
  appears 
  also 
  to 
  have 
  borne 
  the 
  tubercular 
  face. 
  That 
  these 
  are 
  the 
  combined 
  tubercular 
  and 
  ar- 
  

   ticular 
  facets 
  is 
  rendered 
  altogether 
  probable 
  by 
  their 
  wider 
  separation 
  on 
  the 
  second 
  example 
  of 
  this 
  form. 
  This 
  is 
  

   an 
  isolated 
  diapophysis, 
  of 
  slender 
  cylindric 
  form, 
  which, 
  at 
  a 
  distance 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  from 
  the 
  extremity 
  dilates 
  into 
  a 
  

   right-angled 
  flat 
  process, 
  whose 
  distal 
  side 
  bears 
  a 
  narrow 
  capitular 
  articular 
  face. 
  The 
  extremity 
  is 
  subcylindric, 
  

   bearing 
  the 
  tubercular 
  facet. 
  

  

  This 
  arrangement 
  of 
  the 
  vertebra? 
  is 
  confirmed 
  by 
  the 
  arrangement 
  seen 
  in 
  other 
  species, 
  where 
  vertebrae 
  similar 
  

   to 
  those 
  first 
  described 
  are 
  evidently 
  dorsal. 
  It 
  is 
  probable 
  from 
  the 
  above, 
  that 
  the 
  capitular 
  articulation 
  rises 
  from 
  

   the 
  centrum 
  very 
  soon 
  in 
  this 
  type, 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  Crocodilia, 
  perhaps 
  very 
  few 
  dorsals 
  retaining 
  it 
  on 
  that 
  portion; 
  and 
  

   differing 
  from 
  the 
  Dinosaurian 
  type, 
  where 
  this 
  facet 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  margins 
  of 
  the 
  centra 
  and 
  not 
  elevated 
  on 
  a 
  pedicel. 
  

   This 
  form 
  differs 
  from 
  the 
  Crocodiles 
  in 
  the 
  narrowing 
  and 
  final 
  cylindric 
  form, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  descent 
  on 
  the 
  centrum 
  of 
  

   those 
  diapophyses 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  two 
  facets 
  approach 
  and 
  unite. 
  

  

  One 
  objection 
  to 
  the 
  position 
  assigned 
  to 
  the 
  last 
  form 
  of 
  vertebra, 
  is 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  only 
  one 
  with 
  perfect 
  cen- 
  

   trum 
  presents 
  an 
  oblique 
  truncation 
  on 
  the 
  posterior 
  margin 
  on 
  each 
  side, 
  which 
  looks 
  much 
  like 
  a 
  capitular 
  articular 
  

   face. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  precisely 
  similar 
  vertebra 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  the 
  Acad. 
  Natl. 
  Sciences, 
  from 
  Chatham 
  Co., 
  N. 
  Ca., 
  

   which 
  is 
  ascribed 
  to 
  the 
  B. 
  carolinensis. 
  Their 
  surface 
  is 
  concave 
  in 
  this 
  specimen, 
  but 
  seems 
  too 
  large 
  for 
  the 
  head 
  

   of 
  a 
  rib. 
  In 
  both, 
  the 
  vertical 
  diameter 
  is 
  one-half 
  the 
  transverse 
  width 
  of 
  the 
  articular 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  centrum. 
  I 
  can- 
  

   not 
  assign 
  the 
  place 
  or 
  use 
  of 
  this 
  facet 
  with 
  certainty, 
  but 
  the 
  following 
  light 
  is 
  thrown 
  upon 
  the 
  point 
  by 
  another 
  

   specimen 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  Academy, 
  also 
  from 
  Chatham 
  Co., 
  N. 
  Ca., 
  presented 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Emmons. 
  

  

  It 
  consists 
  of 
  five 
  consecutive 
  vertebras 
  on 
  a 
  block 
  of 
  coal 
  slate, 
  of 
  which 
  the 
  anterior 
  two 
  present 
  the 
  capitular 
  

   tubercle 
  elevated 
  to 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  short 
  fiat 
  diapophysis, 
  without 
  being 
  confluent 
  with 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  first, 
  but 
  closely 
  

   united 
  to, 
  and 
  of 
  equal 
  length 
  with 
  the 
  shortened 
  second. 
  On 
  the 
  third, 
  the 
  rib-diapophysis 
  becomes 
  abruptly 
  very 
  

   much 
  wider, 
  and 
  occupies 
  a 
  position 
  a 
  little 
  lower 
  down 
  on 
  the 
  centrum. 
  The 
  diapophysis 
  is 
  preserved 
  on 
  one 
  side 
  of 
  

   the 
  block. 
  It 
  is 
  flat, 
  a 
  little 
  narrowed 
  beyond 
  the 
  middle, 
  then 
  dilated, 
  and 
  with 
  an 
  open 
  emargination 
  opening 
  pos- 
  

   teriorly 
  and 
  outwards, 
  at 
  the 
  distal 
  extremity. 
  With 
  the 
  extremity 
  it 
  bears 
  a 
  narrow 
  articular 
  surface. 
  These 
  I 
  sus- 
  

   pect 
  to 
  represent 
  capitular 
  and 
  tubercular 
  articulations. 
  The 
  fourth 
  and 
  fifth 
  vertebral 
  bear 
  each, 
  a 
  greatly 
  dilated 
  

   and 
  thickened 
  diapophysis, 
  which 
  I 
  have 
  little 
  doubt 
  represent 
  the 
  sacral 
  supports 
  of 
  the 
  ilium. 
  Their 
  expanded 
  

   bases 
  are 
  somewhat 
  lower 
  in 
  position 
  than 
  the 
  diapophyses 
  of 
  the 
  vertebra 
  in 
  advance, 
  and 
  they 
  occupy 
  a 
  broad 
  arti- 
  

   cular 
  face 
  of 
  their 
  proper 
  vertebra, 
  and 
  a 
  distinct 
  facet 
  of 
  that 
  preceding, 
  leaving 
  an 
  articular 
  face 
  on 
  its 
  posterior 
  

   margin. 
  I 
  suppose 
  the 
  peculiar 
  vertebra 
  already 
  alluded 
  to 
  in 
  the 
  B. 
  lcpturus 
  and 
  specimen 
  from 
  North 
  Carolim, 
  

   are, 
  therefore, 
  the 
  last 
  lumbars. 
  

  

  