﻿AND 
  AYES 
  OF 
  NORTH 
  AMERICA. 
  

  

  PROTEIDA. 
  

  

  Caudal 
  vertebra? 
  and 
  frontal 
  bones 
  distinct. 
  Inferior 
  pelvic 
  elements 
  not 
  confluent. 
  

  

  O. 
  o. 
  maxillaria, 
  prefrontalia 
  and 
  nasalia 
  wanting; 
  palatina 
  and 
  pterygoidea 
  present. 
  

  

  Ethmoid* 
  a 
  vertical 
  plate 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  the 
  cerebral 
  lobes. 
  

  

  Mandible 
  toothed, 
  teeth 
  pleurodont. 
  Ceratohyals, 
  first 
  pair 
  connate. 
  

  

  No 
  "postorbital 
  and 
  supertemporal 
  bones." 
  

  

  URODELA. 
  

  

  Usual 
  cranial 
  bones 
  present, 
  but 
  pterygoids 
  reduced 
  or 
  wanting. 
  

  

  No 
  "postorbital 
  or 
  supertemporal 
  bones." 
  

  

  Caudal 
  vertebra? 
  and 
  frontal 
  bones 
  distinct. 
  

  

  Ethmoid, 
  a 
  vertical 
  plate 
  on 
  each 
  side. 
  

  

  Mandible 
  dentigerous; 
  teeth 
  pleurodont. 
  

  

  Inferior 
  pelvic 
  elements 
  horizontal, 
  in 
  contact 
  ; 
  no 
  osseous 
  pubis 
  ; 
  ilium 
  suspended 
  to 
  a 
  

  

  sacral 
  rib. 
  

   (Mostly 
  no 
  quadratojugal.) 
  

  

  GYMNOPHIDIA. 
  

  

  Usual 
  cranial 
  bones 
  present 
  and 
  distinct, 
  including 
  frontals 
  and 
  pterygoids. 
  

  

  Caudal 
  vertebra? 
  distinct. 
  

  

  No 
  "postorbital 
  or 
  supertemporal 
  bones.""}" 
  

  

  Ethmoid 
  annulus 
  surrounding 
  cerebral 
  lobes. 
  

  

  Mandible 
  dentigerous 
  ; 
  teeth 
  anchylosed 
  by 
  their 
  bases.lj: 
  

  

  (A 
  quadratojugal.) 
  

  

  * 
  Erroneously 
  called 
  orbitospheuoids 
  by 
  me. 
  Journal 
  Acad. 
  1866, 
  (on 
  Anura.) 
  

  

  f 
  When 
  the 
  temporal 
  fossa 
  is 
  overarched, 
  it 
  is 
  by 
  expansion 
  of 
  the 
  maxillary 
  and 
  quadratojugal. 
  (Stannius 
  says. 
  

   ' 
  ' 
  Squama 
  temporalis. 
  ' 
  ' 
  ) 
  

  

  % 
  The 
  teeth 
  of 
  Caecilia 
  are 
  compressed 
  with 
  a 
  trenchant 
  posterior 
  edge, 
  which 
  is 
  crenate 
  after 
  the 
  manner 
  of 
  

   Megalosaurus, 
  Carcharias, 
  etc. 
  Thus 
  to 
  the 
  numerous 
  genera 
  of 
  Saurians 
  and 
  Selachians 
  possessing 
  this 
  character, 
  

   must 
  be 
  added 
  a 
  Batrachian. 
  

  

  AMERI. 
  PHILOSO. 
  SOC. 
  — 
  VOL. 
  XIV. 
  2 
  

  

  