﻿In. 
  

  

  Lin. 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  5. 
  

  

  

  6.5 
  

  

  

  6.5 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  7. 
  

  

  

  6.25 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  7.5 
  

  

  

  10.5 
  

  

  70 
  THE 
  EXTINCT 
  BATRACHIA, 
  EEPTILIA 
  

  

  Measurements. 
  

   Third 
  cervical, 
  total 
  length, 
  

   Crest 
  of 
  shoulder 
  to 
  outer 
  angle 
  parapophysis, 
  

   Last 
  point 
  to 
  plane 
  of 
  cup 
  rim, 
  

   From 
  middle 
  ball 
  to 
  apex 
  neural 
  spine, 
  

   Least 
  width 
  of 
  base 
  of 
  centrum, 
  

   Sixth 
  cervical 
  (larger 
  individual), 
  length, 
  

   Vertical 
  diameter 
  between 
  rims 
  of 
  cup, 
  

  

  The 
  expanded 
  bases 
  of 
  the 
  neurapophyses 
  leave 
  only 
  the 
  cariniform 
  epapophysis 
  between 
  them. 
  

  

  Dorsal 
  vertebrae. 
  — 
  The 
  first, 
  third 
  and 
  fourth 
  with 
  the 
  parapophysis 
  on 
  the 
  centrum 
  have 
  lost 
  only 
  their 
  neural 
  

   arches. 
  The 
  parapophyses 
  have 
  convex 
  articular 
  surfaces, 
  which 
  have 
  a 
  very 
  posterior 
  direction 
  and 
  are 
  followed 
  by 
  

   a 
  deep 
  depression 
  in 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  centrum 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  they 
  are 
  a 
  little 
  behind 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  body. 
  

   The 
  hypapophyses 
  of 
  all 
  are 
  distinguished 
  by 
  their 
  lack 
  of 
  compression 
  and 
  their 
  obtuseness. 
  They 
  are 
  directed 
  

   vertically 
  downwards, 
  the 
  anterior 
  face 
  posteriorly. 
  That 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  is 
  bifid 
  as 
  broad 
  as 
  long, 
  the 
  others 
  simple, 
  

   longer 
  than 
  broad 
  on 
  the 
  third. 
  They 
  are 
  preceded 
  by 
  a 
  depression 
  behind 
  the 
  rim 
  of 
  the 
  cup, 
  and 
  succeeded 
  by 
  

   a 
  second, 
  simple, 
  small 
  hypapophysis 
  near 
  the 
  shoulder, 
  which 
  is 
  finely 
  many-grooved; 
  it 
  exists 
  as 
  a 
  trace 
  on 
  the 
  

   third, 
  which 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  dorsals, 
  may 
  alone 
  be 
  said 
  to 
  present 
  a 
  very 
  obtuse 
  carina 
  below. 
  The 
  surface 
  in 
  the 
  first 
  

   three 
  is 
  striate 
  next 
  the 
  rim 
  of 
  the 
  cup 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  shoulder 
  on 
  the 
  first 
  two. 
  The 
  sixth 
  dorsal 
  is 
  more 
  compressed 
  and 
  

   smoother 
  : 
  its 
  cup 
  is 
  more 
  produced 
  upwards 
  and 
  outwards, 
  while 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  is 
  more 
  nearly 
  round, 
  and 
  the 
  

   others 
  are 
  intermediate. 
  

  

  The 
  articular 
  cups 
  of 
  dorsals 
  near 
  the 
  seventh 
  and 
  eighth 
  are 
  nearly 
  round, 
  slightly 
  deeper 
  than 
  broad. 
  The 
  

   horizontal 
  width 
  of 
  the 
  diapophyses 
  is 
  considerable, 
  and 
  the 
  transverse 
  extent 
  of 
  the 
  articular 
  (inferior) 
  surface 
  of 
  

   the 
  posterior 
  zygapophysis 
  is 
  equal 
  one-half 
  the 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  centrum 
  between 
  shoulder 
  and 
  cup. 
  

  

  The 
  seventh 
  dorsal 
  of 
  the 
  adult 
  is 
  perhaps 
  twice 
  as 
  large 
  as 
  the 
  above, 
  without 
  being 
  half 
  as 
  large 
  as 
  the 
  same 
  

   in 
  the 
  H. 
  obscurus. 
  Though 
  the 
  centrum 
  is 
  as 
  much 
  compressed 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  sixth, 
  the 
  cup 
  is 
  still 
  broader 
  than 
  

   deep 
  vertically. 
  The 
  centrum 
  has 
  a 
  lateral 
  longitudinal 
  obtuse 
  ridge 
  . 
  The 
  hypapophysis 
  is 
  remarkably 
  large 
  for 
  the 
  

   position 
  in 
  the 
  vertebral 
  column. 
  It 
  is 
  trigonal 
  in 
  profile 
  with 
  truncate 
  planes 
  before 
  and 
  behind, 
  the 
  anterior 
  

   concave. 
  The 
  costal 
  articular 
  face 
  is 
  half 
  way 
  to 
  the 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  diapophysis 
  on 
  its 
  anterior 
  margin. 
  It 
  is 
  

   transverse, 
  not 
  vertical 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  sixth 
  in 
  H. 
  tenebrosus. 
  

  

  Sacral. 
  — 
  The 
  first 
  exhibits 
  a 
  longitudinal 
  concavity 
  on 
  the 
  posterior 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  centrum 
  below. 
  

  

  Caudals. 
  — 
  The 
  body 
  of 
  an 
  anterior 
  caudal 
  is 
  not 
  compressed, 
  those 
  of 
  three 
  others, 
  but 
  slightly 
  so 
  ; 
  the 
  

   cup 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  is 
  round; 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  others 
  deeper 
  than 
  broad. 
  Three 
  have 
  stout 
  diapophyses; 
  of 
  these 
  the 
  two 
  

   posterior 
  have 
  a 
  concave 
  inferior 
  face 
  separated 
  by 
  a 
  strong 
  angle 
  from 
  the 
  sides, 
  while 
  there 
  is 
  an 
  additional 
  lateral 
  

   angulation 
  on 
  the 
  anterior 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  more 
  anterior. 
  In 
  the 
  two 
  anterior, 
  the 
  neural 
  spine 
  is 
  twice 
  

   constricted 
  from 
  base 
  probably 
  to 
  near 
  apex, 
  leaving 
  an 
  anterior 
  laminiform 
  portion, 
  and 
  a 
  median 
  much 
  stouter. 
  In 
  

   the 
  caudals 
  the 
  suture 
  of 
  the 
  neural 
  arch 
  is 
  much 
  obliterated. 
  

  

  Measurements 
  of 
  Vertebrae. 
  

   Of 
  Adult. 
  

   Seventh 
  dorsal 
  ; 
  total 
  length, 
  

  

  depth 
  articular 
  cup, 
  

   width, 
  

  

  longitudinal 
  width 
  neural 
  arch 
  (greatest), 
  

   " 
  " 
  diapophysis, 
  

  

  Of 
  Young. 
  

   Sixth 
  dorsal 
  ; 
  total 
  length, 
  

  

  length 
  to 
  shoulder, 
  

  

  depth 
  neural 
  canal 
  to 
  end 
  hypapophysis, 
  

  

  " 
  articular 
  cup, 
  

   width 
  " 
  " 
  

  

  In. 
  

  

  Lin. 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  8. 
  

  

  

  10.5 
  

  

  

  12. 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  8. 
  

  

  

  11. 
  

  

  In. 
  

  

  Lin. 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  5. 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  1.5 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  1.5 
  

  

  

  9.25 
  

  

  

  11. 
  

  

  