﻿AND 
  AVES 
  OF 
  NORTH 
  AMERICA. 
  81 
  

  

  rounded 
  rib 
  ; 
  in 
  front 
  a 
  narrow 
  keel 
  extends 
  from 
  the 
  tip 
  to 
  the 
  neural 
  canal 
  ; 
  the 
  lateral 
  alse 
  are 
  curved 
  backwards. 
  

   On 
  a 
  more 
  posterior 
  cervical, 
  the 
  lateral 
  alse 
  are 
  very 
  heavy, 
  short 
  and 
  rounded, 
  and 
  enclose 
  no 
  groove 
  with 
  the 
  

   slightly 
  projecting 
  posterior 
  vertical 
  rib, 
  while 
  the 
  anterior 
  keel 
  has 
  become 
  a 
  strong 
  compressed 
  wing, 
  dividing 
  two 
  

   shallow 
  anterior 
  grooves 
  ; 
  breadth 
  and 
  length 
  equal 
  in 
  section. 
  In 
  a 
  last 
  cervical, 
  length 
  2 
  in. 
  12 
  1., 
  the 
  longitudinal 
  

   section 
  (equal 
  about 
  an 
  inch) 
  is 
  longitudinal 
  cuneiform, 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  projection 
  of 
  the 
  anterior 
  ala. 
  In 
  an 
  anterior 
  

   dorsal 
  the 
  section 
  is 
  longitudinal 
  (1 
  in. 
  5 
  1.); 
  the 
  lateral 
  ribs 
  remain 
  at 
  the 
  base 
  only, 
  and 
  the 
  posterior 
  carina 
  is 
  

   strong 
  and 
  sharp 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  acuminate, 
  and 
  was 
  probably 
  subacute, 
  but 
  is 
  broken 
  at 
  tip 
  ; 
  if 
  restored 
  would 
  measure 
  4 
  in. 
  

   6 
  1. 
  at 
  least. 
  

  

  Humerus. 
  — 
  This 
  element 
  is 
  relatively 
  much 
  shorter 
  than 
  in 
  Thoracosaurus 
  or 
  modern 
  Crocodilia 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  stouter 
  

   and 
  more 
  curved 
  than 
  these, 
  and 
  furnished 
  with 
  very 
  largely 
  developed 
  deltoid 
  crest 
  and 
  condyles. 
  One 
  specimen 
  

   accompanying 
  femur 
  from 
  the 
  same 
  — 
  the 
  right 
  side, 
  and 
  many 
  other 
  elements 
  from 
  near 
  Birmingham, 
  Burlington 
  

   County, 
  N. 
  J., 
  have 
  been 
  submitted 
  to 
  me 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Cook. 
  

  

  The 
  condyles 
  are 
  deeply 
  divided, 
  and 
  project 
  far 
  before 
  the 
  coronoid 
  fossa, 
  which 
  is 
  little 
  marked. 
  The 
  shaft 
  is 
  

   nearly 
  cylindric, 
  strongly 
  arched 
  backwards. 
  The 
  groove 
  bounded 
  by 
  the 
  deltoid 
  crest 
  is 
  very 
  deep. 
  A 
  portion 
  

   between 
  the 
  head 
  and 
  the 
  crest 
  is 
  lost. 
  The 
  former 
  is 
  truncate 
  above, 
  with 
  a 
  very 
  oblique 
  coracoid 
  face. 
  The 
  

   medullary 
  cavity 
  is 
  very 
  small. 
  

  

  In. 
  Lin. 
  

   Total 
  length 
  (restored), 
  10 
  

  

  Length 
  from 
  condyles 
  to 
  deltoid 
  crest, 
  6 
  7. 
  

  

  " 
  across 
  head 
  (straight), 
  3 
  2. 
  

  

  " 
  across 
  condyles, 
  3 
  0.5 
  

  

  Least 
  circumference 
  of 
  shaft, 
  4 
  2. 
  

  

  Femur. 
  — 
  The 
  shaft 
  of 
  the 
  femur 
  is 
  a 
  most 
  characteristic 
  piece 
  from 
  the 
  greensand 
  of 
  the 
  Eastern 
  States. 
  It 
  is 
  

   rather 
  more 
  than 
  usually 
  flattened 
  intero-externally, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  point 
  of 
  insertion 
  of 
  the 
  adductor 
  muscle 
  is 
  trilateral 
  

   in 
  section 
  from 
  the 
  elevation 
  of 
  the 
  ridge 
  of 
  insertion, 
  and 
  the 
  depression 
  of 
  the 
  antro-inferior 
  face 
  into 
  a 
  shallow, 
  

   longitudinal 
  concavity. 
  The 
  ridge 
  and 
  the 
  surface 
  behind 
  it 
  are 
  rugose. 
  The 
  shaft 
  below 
  and 
  up 
  to 
  the 
  head 
  is 
  

   longitudinally 
  concave 
  on 
  the 
  inner 
  side, 
  plane 
  on 
  the 
  outer. 
  The 
  articular 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  head 
  has 
  a 
  remarkable 
  antero- 
  

   posterior 
  extent, 
  and 
  is 
  more 
  obliquely 
  produced 
  upwards 
  and 
  forwards, 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  the 
  longitudinal 
  axis 
  of 
  the 
  

   shaft 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  other 
  species. 
  To 
  support 
  it 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  shaft 
  is 
  turned 
  forwards 
  and 
  strengthened 
  by 
  thickness, 
  

   having 
  a 
  flat 
  anterior 
  face 
  not 
  seen 
  in 
  other 
  species, 
  and 
  the 
  articular 
  face 
  is 
  bent 
  downwards 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  it, 
  

   and 
  to 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  longer 
  posterior 
  portion. 
  It 
  is 
  here 
  widest 
  also. 
  This 
  form 
  gives 
  an 
  unusual 
  anteroposterior 
  

   range 
  of 
  motion, 
  and 
  is 
  appropriate 
  to 
  a 
  powerful 
  swimmer. 
  The 
  insertions 
  for 
  powerful 
  muscles 
  would 
  indicate 
  

   the 
  same. 
  

  

  The 
  condyles 
  of 
  this 
  femur 
  are 
  lost. 
  

  

  The 
  teeth 
  have 
  some 
  resemblance 
  to 
  the 
  Polyptychodons 
  in 
  their 
  strong 
  ridges, 
  but 
  they 
  have 
  distinct 
  anterior 
  

   and 
  posterior 
  cutting 
  edges, 
  dividing 
  a 
  larger 
  external 
  from 
  a 
  smaller 
  internal 
  surface, 
  the 
  anterior 
  turning 
  in 
  towards 
  

   the 
  latter, 
  near 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  crown. 
  The 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  crown 
  is 
  a 
  broad 
  oval, 
  tip 
  more 
  compressed 
  and 
  

   worn 
  obliquely 
  outwards 
  by 
  use. 
  Internally 
  eight, 
  externally 
  eleven 
  strong, 
  but 
  fine 
  ridges 
  extending 
  over 
  the 
  usual 
  

   half 
  or 
  two-thirds, 
  alternating 
  with 
  shorter 
  ones 
  ; 
  all 
  obsolete 
  at 
  base 
  anteriorly. 
  The 
  color 
  of 
  the 
  two 
  teeth 
  is 
  

   black 
  at 
  base, 
  ochre 
  at 
  tip 
  ; 
  between, 
  lined 
  by 
  both 
  colors. 
  

  

  Lines. 
  

   Total 
  length 
  tooth, 
  23 
  - 
  5 
  

  

  " 
  crown, 
  "• 
  

  

  Diameter 
  antero-posterior 
  at 
  base, 
  4. 
  

  

  These 
  teeth 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  alveolae 
  of 
  a 
  distal 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  maxillary 
  bone, 
  4 
  in. 
  long. 
  Three 
  in. 
  one 
  line 
  includes 
  

   three 
  alveolae, 
  measuring 
  between 
  margins. 
  The 
  muzzle 
  has 
  been 
  here 
  very 
  slender, 
  as 
  the 
  measurements 
  show, 
  

   made 
  at 
  the 
  posterior 
  tooth 
  ; 
  the 
  anterior 
  teeth 
  issue 
  successively 
  higher 
  up, 
  and 
  above 
  the 
  palatine 
  plane. 
  

  

  AMERI. 
  PHILOSO. 
  SOO. 
  — 
  VOL. 
  XIV. 
  21 
  

  

  