﻿AND 
  AVES 
  OF 
  NORTH 
  AMERICA. 
  1 
  22-G 
  

  

  marrow, 
  and 
  not 
  by 
  cartilage. 
  Prof. 
  Wyman 
  regarded 
  them 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  a 
  reptile, 
  though 
  

   the 
  long 
  bones 
  might 
  have 
  been 
  referred 
  to 
  a 
  bird 
  if 
  considered 
  alone. 
  "While 
  -the 
  bones 
  

   from 
  Springfield 
  are 
  as 
  hollow 
  as 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  Pterodactyle, 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  find 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  

   those 
  of 
  this 
  animal 
  ; 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  positive 
  proof 
  of 
  the 
  long 
  fingers 
  nor 
  of 
  the 
  broad 
  sternum 
  

   which 
  these 
  reptiles 
  possessed. 
  The 
  existence 
  of 
  the 
  large 
  toe 
  in 
  company 
  with 
  the 
  small 
  

   one 
  is 
  in 
  favor 
  of 
  a 
  jumping 
  animal." 
  (Ichnology 
  of 
  Massachusetts, 
  1858, 
  187.) 
  

  

  A 
  figure 
  of 
  the 
  right 
  fore 
  foot 
  accompanies 
  Prof. 
  Hitchcock's 
  description, 
  of 
  which 
  it 
  

   is 
  to 
  be 
  observed 
  that 
  the 
  metacarpals 
  are 
  too 
  stout, 
  and 
  the 
  carpals 
  are 
  omitted. 
  The 
  

   third 
  phalange 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  toe 
  is 
  ungueal. 
  

  

  APPENDIX 
  TO 
  THE 
  D1NOSAURIA. 
  

   HYPSIBEMA, 
  Cope 
  

  

  Char. 
  gen. 
  Proportions 
  of 
  limbs 
  and 
  feet 
  much 
  as 
  in 
  Hadrosaurus. 
  The 
  caudal 
  ver- 
  

   tebrae 
  elongate 
  and 
  depressed, 
  in 
  the 
  median 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  series. 
  

  

  The 
  elongate 
  depressed 
  form 
  of 
  caudal 
  vertebrae, 
  distinguishes 
  this 
  genus 
  from 
  Had- 
  

   rosaurus. 
  The 
  latter 
  possesses 
  elongate 
  vertebrae 
  near 
  the 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  series, 
  but 
  

   anterior 
  to 
  this 
  point, 
  they 
  are 
  first 
  subquaclrate 
  in 
  profile, 
  then 
  proximally 
  much 
  nar- 
  

   rowed. 
  The 
  form 
  exhibited 
  by 
  the 
  known 
  species 
  of 
  this 
  genus 
  is 
  more 
  like 
  that 
  of 
  Hy- 
  

   laeosaurus 
  Mant. 
  

  

  HYPSIBEMA 
  CRASSICAUDA, 
  Cope. 
  

  

  The 
  remains 
  on 
  which 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  founded 
  consist 
  of 
  the 
  distal 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  right 
  humerus, 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  

   shaft 
  of 
  the 
  left 
  tibia, 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  fibula, 
  the 
  right 
  internal 
  metatarsus 
  somewhat 
  broken, 
  and 
  a 
  caudal 
  vertebra. 
  

   There 
  are 
  other 
  uncharacteristic 
  fragments, 
  and 
  a 
  piece 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  dermal 
  bone. 
  

  

  Associated 
  with 
  them 
  are 
  several 
  coprolites 
  of 
  large 
  animals. 
  

  

  These 
  species 
  indicate 
  an 
  animal 
  of 
  about 
  the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  Hadrosaurus 
  foulkei, 
  Leidy, 
  and 
  with 
  a 
  similar 
  dispro- 
  

   portion 
  in 
  the 
  lengths 
  of 
  the 
  limbs. 
  This 
  is 
  readily 
  appreciated 
  on 
  comparison 
  of 
  the 
  huge 
  metatarsus 
  with 
  the 
  light 
  

   humerus. 
  The 
  medullary 
  cavity 
  of 
  the 
  tibia 
  is 
  large; 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  humerus 
  small. 
  

  

  The 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  humerus 
  preserved 
  is 
  injured, 
  and 
  the 
  condyles 
  are 
  worn. 
  Its 
  relation 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  H. 
  foulkei 
  is 
  

   readily 
  determined, 
  and 
  on 
  comparison 
  the 
  following 
  marked 
  differences 
  appear: 
  The 
  ridge 
  connecting 
  the 
  external 
  

   condyle 
  with 
  the 
  shaft 
  posteriorly 
  is 
  acute; 
  it 
  is 
  rounded 
  in 
  H. 
  foulkei. 
  External 
  distal 
  face 
  is 
  flat 
  or 
  slightly 
  concave; 
  

   in 
  H. 
  foulkei 
  somewhat 
  rounded. 
  It 
  is 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  the 
  plane 
  of 
  the 
  anterior 
  face, 
  and 
  forms 
  with 
  it 
  rather 
  less 
  

   than 
  a 
  right 
  angle; 
  in 
  H. 
  foulkei 
  this 
  region 
  is 
  rounded. 
  Distally 
  the 
  shaft 
  is 
  much 
  flattened 
  in 
  H. 
  crassicauda. 
  

  

  Measurements. 
  

  

  Lines. 
  

  

  Antero-posterior 
  diameter 
  of 
  shaft, 
  just 
  above 
  condyles, 
  20.5 
  

  

  Width 
  external 
  face 
  distally, 
  24 
  

  

  " 
  olecranar 
  fossa, 
  1(1 
  

  

  " 
  condyles, 
  (estimated) 
  64 
  

  

  The 
  anterior 
  face 
  at 
  over 
  three 
  inches 
  above 
  the 
  condyles 
  is 
  slightly 
  concave. 
  About 
  4.5 
  inches 
  above 
  the 
  articular 
  

   face 
  of 
  the 
  external 
  condyle, 
  the 
  acute 
  ridge 
  dividing 
  the 
  posterior 
  and 
  external 
  faces 
  disappears, 
  and 
  the 
  surface 
  be- 
  

   comes 
  regularly 
  rounded. 
  

  

  The 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  tibia 
  is 
  from 
  the 
  shaft 
  of 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  left 
  side, 
  just 
  below 
  the 
  superior 
  antero-posterior 
  expan- 
  

  

  