﻿AND 
  AYES 
  OF 
  NORTH 
  AMERICA. 
  122-1 
  

  

  The 
  peculiarities 
  of 
  this 
  vertebra 
  indicate 
  most 
  strikingly 
  the 
  generic 
  distinctness 
  of 
  this 
  great 
  reptile 
  from 
  the 
  

   Iladrosaurus. 
  It 
  is 
  true 
  it 
  presents 
  some 
  similarity 
  in 
  form 
  to 
  the 
  terminal 
  caudals 
  of 
  that 
  genus, 
  and 
  if 
  it 
  could 
  be 
  

   referred 
  to 
  that 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  scries, 
  would 
  indicate 
  merely 
  another 
  and 
  larger 
  species 
  of 
  Iladrosaurus. 
  It 
  differs 
  in 
  

   form 
  from 
  these 
  vertebrae, 
  in 
  its 
  depressed 
  instead 
  of 
  compressed 
  form, 
  and 
  its 
  lateral 
  angulation. 
  That 
  it 
  belongs 
  to 
  a 
  

   more 
  anterior 
  position 
  in 
  the 
  tail 
  is 
  evident 
  from 
  the 
  very 
  large 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  the 
  neural 
  spine, 
  and 
  general 
  

   greater 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  neural 
  arch 
  and 
  zygapophyses, 
  and 
  the 
  trace 
  of 
  diapophysis. 
  Further, 
  it 
  is 
  over 
  four 
  times 
  

   the 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  terminal 
  caudals 
  of 
  II. 
  foulkei, 
  while 
  the 
  remaining 
  elements 
  do 
  not 
  indicate 
  any 
  such 
  extraordinary 
  

   dimensions. 
  A 
  position 
  a 
  little 
  behind 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  series 
  would 
  relate 
  well 
  to 
  the 
  other 
  proportions. 
  

  

  A 
  worn 
  bone 
  found 
  with 
  the 
  metatarsus, 
  has 
  the 
  proportions 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  dermal 
  bones 
  of 
  certain 
  Dinosauria. 
  

   Its 
  large 
  size 
  is 
  appropriate 
  to 
  the 
  present 
  species. 
  Its 
  base 
  is 
  flat 
  and 
  with 
  rounded 
  outlines, 
  and 
  does 
  not 
  exhibit 
  

   any 
  superficial 
  dense 
  layer; 
  the 
  texture 
  of 
  the 
  interior 
  bone 
  is 
  rather 
  dense. 
  The 
  mass 
  of 
  the 
  bone 
  rises 
  as 
  a 
  short 
  

   thick 
  cone 
  turned 
  abruptly 
  to 
  one 
  side, 
  the 
  middle 
  and 
  apex 
  strongly 
  compressed, 
  so 
  much 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  section 
  presents 
  

   an 
  acute 
  angle 
  on 
  that 
  side 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  apex 
  curves. 
  The 
  bone 
  is 
  not 
  entirely 
  symmetrical, 
  one 
  side 
  near 
  the 
  poste- 
  

   rior 
  keel 
  being 
  more 
  concave 
  than 
  the 
  other. 
  The 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  bone 
  is 
  rather 
  dense. 
  Its 
  exact 
  position 
  is 
  some- 
  

   what 
  uncertain. 
  

  

  In. 
  

  

  Diameter 
  at 
  base, 
  3 
  

  

  Greatest 
  height 
  (apex 
  broken), 
  2.5 
  

  

  This 
  is 
  another 
  of. 
  those 
  remarkable 
  forms 
  which 
  the 
  reptilian 
  type 
  developed 
  in 
  past 
  

   ages. 
  That 
  it 
  was 
  herbivorous, 
  and 
  relied 
  less 
  on 
  its 
  tail 
  for 
  support 
  than 
  Hadrosaurus, 
  

   appears 
  probable. 
  Large 
  coprolites 
  of 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  those 
  of 
  herbivorous 
  animals 
  ac- 
  

   companied 
  the 
  bones. 
  They 
  resemble 
  somewhat 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  hog 
  ; 
  one 
  has 
  a 
  diameter 
  of 
  

   inches 
  one 
  way, 
  and 
  inches 
  the 
  other 
  ; 
  extremity 
  broad, 
  obtuse. 
  The 
  probable 
  

   form 
  of 
  the 
  ungueal 
  phalanges, 
  points 
  also 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  habit. 
  The 
  proprietor 
  of 
  the 
  pit 
  

   told 
  the 
  writer 
  that 
  he 
  had 
  more 
  than 
  once 
  seen 
  large 
  "hoofs" 
  and 
  "wide 
  toe-joints" 
  taken 
  

   out 
  during 
  the 
  excavation. 
  

  

  This 
  species 
  is 
  different 
  from 
  the 
  Ornithotarsus 
  immanis, 
  Cope, 
  and 
  belongs 
  to 
  a 
  

   different 
  genus. 
  The 
  shaft 
  of 
  the 
  tibia 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  is 
  filled 
  with 
  cancellous 
  tissue 
  ; 
  in 
  the 
  

   present 
  animal 
  it 
  is 
  entirely 
  hollow. 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  marl 
  pits 
  of 
  James 
  King. 
  

  

  HADROSAURUS, 
  Leidy. 
  

  

  HADROSAURUS 
  TRIPOS, 
  Cope. 
  

  

  At 
  a 
  point 
  about 
  ten 
  miles 
  distant 
  from 
  the 
  marl 
  pit 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  llypsibema 
  was 
  found, 
  Prof. 
  Kerr 
  discovered 
  a 
  

   caudal 
  vertebra 
  of 
  a 
  colossal 
  reptile, 
  whose 
  affinities 
  are 
  evidently 
  near 
  to 
  the 
  Iladrosaurus 
  foulkei. 
  

  

  This 
  vertebra 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  distal, 
  as 
  evidenced 
  by 
  the 
  entire 
  absence 
  of 
  any 
  trace 
  of 
  diapophysis, 
  and 
  its 
  subquad- 
  

   rate 
  longitudinal 
  section, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  by 
  the 
  small 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  neural 
  arch 
  and 
  spine. 
  At 
  first 
  sighf 
  if 
  would 
  appear 
  to 
  

   occupy 
  a 
  position 
  between 
  the 
  thirtieth 
  and 
  thirty-sixth 
  of 
  the 
  series; 
  the 
  former 
  in 
  II. 
  foulkei 
  has, 
  however, 
  rudiments 
  

   of 
  a 
  diapophysis. 
  Both 
  its 
  articular 
  faces 
  are 
  distinctly 
  biconcave. 
  The 
  large 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  chevron 
  articular 
  face 
  is 
  as 
  

   in 
  the 
  thirtieth, 
  and 
  the 
  concavity 
  of 
  its 
  lateral 
  faces 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  twenty-sixth; 
  in 
  the 
  thirty-sixth 
  the 
  sides 
  are 
  entirely 
  

   plane. 
  The 
  round 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  neural 
  canal, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  lack 
  of 
  diapophyses, 
  are 
  points 
  of 
  resemblance 
  to 
  the 
  thirty- 
  

   sixth, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  more 
  than 
  twice 
  as 
  long 
  as 
  that 
  vertebra 
  in 
  the 
  II. 
  foulkei. 
  In 
  the 
  thirtieth 
  the 
  neural 
  canal 
  is 
  some- 
  

   what 
  depressed 
  and 
  becomes 
  more 
  so 
  as 
  we 
  advance 
  towards 
  the 
  proximal 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  series. 
  The 
  small 
  antero-posterior 
  

   extent 
  of 
  the 
  neural 
  arch 
  is 
  much 
  as 
  in 
  the 
  thirtieth 
  in 
  H. 
  foulkei, 
  but 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  the 
  neural 
  spine, 
  which 
  is 
  broken 
  

   off 
  in 
  this, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  old 
  species, 
  is 
  much 
  more 
  slight. 
  It 
  is 
  so 
  very 
  thin 
  and 
  weak 
  as 
  to 
  indicate 
  cither 
  a 
  compar- 
  

   atively 
  slight 
  development 
  of 
  the 
  spine, 
  or 
  a 
  very 
  posterior 
  position 
  in 
  the 
  series. 
  A 
  weak 
  lateral 
  ridge 
  marks 
  the 
  

  

  