﻿172 
  THE 
  EXTINCT 
  BATRACHIA, 
  REPTILIA 
  

  

  site 
  extremity 
  it 
  bears 
  a 
  projecting 
  obtusely 
  truncate 
  hypapophysis, 
  whose 
  outline 
  is 
  separated 
  by 
  an 
  entrant 
  angle, 
  

   from 
  a 
  similar 
  process 
  directed 
  forwards 
  and 
  somewhat 
  downwards. 
  A 
  strong 
  lateral 
  longitudinal 
  ridge 
  marks 
  the 
  

   place 
  of 
  the 
  surspectant 
  or 
  anterior 
  zygapophysis; 
  but 
  if 
  this 
  interpretation 
  be 
  correct, 
  then 
  there 
  is 
  not 
  on 
  the 
  

   opposite, 
  in 
  that 
  case 
  posterior 
  extremity 
  of 
  the 
  last 
  (No. 
  1), 
  a 
  despectant 
  zygapophysis. 
  The 
  explanation 
  of 
  

   these 
  apophyses 
  of 
  No. 
  1 
  must 
  be 
  left 
  for 
  the 
  present. 
  Below 
  the 
  lateral 
  ridge, 
  one-third 
  the 
  length 
  behind 
  the 
  

   cotylus 
  of 
  No. 
  2, 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  foramen, 
  resembling 
  that 
  described 
  by 
  Prof. 
  Owen 
  in 
  Pterodactyles.* 
  A 
  second 
  

   vertebra 
  (No. 
  5), 
  and 
  a 
  third 
  (No. 
  16a), 
  closely 
  resemble 
  No. 
  2. 
  

  

  Lines. 
  

   Length 
  of 
  centrum 
  No. 
  2, 
  5.8 
  

  

  " 
  neural 
  arch, 
  4.5 
  

  

  Total 
  depth 
  at 
  hypapophysis, 
  4. 
  

  

  Depth 
  at 
  middle 
  of 
  vertebra, 
  2. 
  

  

  " 
  of 
  centrum 
  near 
  condyle, 
  1.5 
  

  

  Dorsal 
  line 
  slightly 
  concave. 
  

  

  Two 
  vertebrae 
  (No. 
  16 
  and 
  17) 
  exhibit 
  characters 
  intermediate 
  between 
  this 
  type 
  and 
  that 
  first 
  described, 
  as 
  No. 
  8. 
  

   They 
  have 
  more 
  depressed 
  neural 
  arch 
  than 
  the 
  latter, 
  and 
  less 
  inferior 
  concavity 
  than 
  No. 
  2. 
  The 
  condyle 
  is 
  pro- 
  

   longed 
  beyond 
  the 
  neural 
  arch, 
  and 
  much 
  depressed. 
  They 
  may 
  be 
  dorsals 
  which 
  immediately 
  follow 
  the 
  cervicals. 
  

  

  A 
  fourth 
  depressed 
  vertebra 
  resembles 
  in 
  miniature 
  those 
  first 
  described 
  as 
  cervicals. 
  Its 
  proportions 
  are 
  rather 
  

   those 
  of 
  a 
  phalange, 
  as 
  described 
  for 
  both 
  caudals 
  and 
  cervicals 
  of 
  some 
  Pterodactyles, 
  and 
  are 
  obviously 
  procoelian 
  ; 
  

   the 
  inferior 
  face 
  concave, 
  and 
  the 
  condyle-bearing 
  centrum 
  prolonged 
  beyond 
  the 
  neural 
  arch 
  and 
  slightly 
  decurved. 
  

  

  Lines. 
  

   Total 
  length 
  (No. 
  47), 
  5. 
  

  

  Length 
  neural 
  arch, 
  3.5 
  

  

  Depth 
  anteriorly, 
  1.5 
  

  

  " 
  at 
  middle, 
  .75 
  

  

  No 
  hypapophysis. 
  

  

  Views 
  of 
  eleven 
  vertebrae 
  from 
  above 
  are 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  complete, 
  while 
  many 
  others 
  are 
  broken 
  or 
  not 
  charac 
  

   teristic. 
  Where 
  the 
  neural 
  arch 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  destroyed 
  a 
  bifurcation 
  appears 
  at 
  the 
  extremity 
  opposite 
  the 
  condyloid, 
  

   which 
  is 
  probably 
  the 
  two 
  extremities 
  of 
  the 
  surspectant 
  or 
  anterior 
  zygapophyses, 
  which 
  are 
  separated 
  by 
  a 
  deep 
  

   notch. 
  As 
  they 
  offer 
  no 
  trace 
  of 
  centrum 
  above 
  them, 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  probably 
  the 
  lateral 
  inferior 
  processes 
  described 
  

   by 
  Owen. 
  The 
  great 
  length 
  of 
  the 
  diapophyses 
  is 
  especially 
  characteristic 
  of 
  a 
  Pterosaurian. 
  These 
  are 
  either 
  narrow, 
  

   of 
  nearly 
  equal 
  breadth 
  (Nos. 
  23, 
  25, 
  26, 
  27); 
  shorter 
  and 
  more 
  dilated 
  at 
  the 
  extremity 
  (Nos. 
  31, 
  41) 
  or 
  still 
  shorter, 
  

   and 
  with 
  obliquely 
  truncate 
  extremities 
  (20, 
  41). 
  The 
  last 
  are 
  similar 
  to 
  those 
  figured 
  by 
  Von 
  Meyer 
  as 
  the 
  lumbars 
  of 
  

   Pt. 
  longipel 
  vis, 
  and 
  near 
  them 
  occur 
  two 
  bones, 
  which 
  can 
  most 
  probably 
  be 
  pubes. 
  From 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  matrix 
  exhibiting 
  

   the 
  extremity 
  of 
  a 
  slender 
  diapophysis, 
  with 
  two 
  ribs 
  issuing 
  below 
  it, 
  it 
  might 
  be 
  supposed 
  that 
  they 
  were 
  rib- 
  

   bearing, 
  while 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  shorter 
  and 
  more 
  spatuliform 
  clearly 
  bears 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  a 
  rib. 
  

  

  Lines, 
  

  

  Total 
  expanse 
  of 
  No. 
  27, 
  14.25 
  

   Length 
  centrum, 
  3.5 
  

  

  Width 
  diapophysis 
  at 
  end, 
  1.1 
  

  

  Expanse 
  No. 
  25, 
  14.5 
  

   Width 
  diapophysis 
  base, 
  1.75 
  

  

  " 
  extremity, 
  1.5 
  

  

  Expanse 
  No. 
  26, 
  9.6 
  

  

  Diameter 
  neural 
  canal, 
  1. 
  

  

  * 
  Philosophical 
  Transactions, 
  loJO. 
  

  

  