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  THE 
  EXTINCT 
  BATRACHIA, 
  REPTILIA 
  

  

  The 
  pterygoids 
  are 
  both 
  wider 
  and 
  longer 
  than 
  the 
  palatines. 
  Their 
  inner 
  margin 
  is 
  

   curved 
  inwards 
  and 
  upwards 
  — 
  the 
  outer 
  thinned 
  away. 
  They 
  narrow 
  gradually 
  poste- 
  

   riorly, 
  the 
  outer 
  margin 
  bordering 
  the 
  bases 
  of 
  the 
  teeth 
  opposite 
  the 
  ectopterygoid. 
  The 
  

   latter 
  is 
  attached 
  to 
  a 
  strong 
  external 
  transverse 
  process 
  of 
  the 
  pterygoid. 
  It 
  presents 
  an 
  

   inferior 
  angulation 
  and 
  bends 
  anteriorly, 
  where 
  it 
  is 
  so 
  thinned 
  out 
  as 
  to 
  suggest 
  its 
  dis- 
  

   continuance. 
  The 
  transverse 
  process 
  is 
  continuous 
  with 
  an 
  upper 
  plane 
  of 
  the 
  bone, 
  and 
  

   spreads 
  from 
  the 
  upwards 
  rolled 
  inner 
  margin. 
  The 
  posterior 
  parts 
  of 
  both 
  pterygoids 
  

   are 
  broken 
  away. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  scar 
  or 
  fossa 
  for 
  columella. 
  

  

  The 
  ossa 
  quadrata 
  are 
  preserved 
  and 
  in 
  good 
  condition. 
  There 
  are 
  two 
  concave 
  faces, 
  

   the 
  largest 
  directed 
  inwards, 
  and 
  the 
  lesser 
  directed 
  outwards 
  and 
  backwards. 
  The 
  bone 
  

   sends 
  forwards 
  a 
  broad 
  ala, 
  with 
  convex 
  crenate 
  margin, 
  which 
  bounds 
  the 
  larger. 
  The 
  

   meatus 
  pierces 
  or 
  is 
  enclosed 
  by 
  the 
  outer, 
  by 
  the 
  posterior 
  curvature 
  of 
  the 
  supero-poste- 
  

   rior 
  process. 
  The 
  superior 
  articular 
  surface 
  is 
  much 
  more 
  extensive 
  than 
  the 
  inferior, 
  and 
  

   is 
  tripodal; 
  the 
  posterior 
  branch 
  articulates 
  with 
  the 
  opisthotic. 
  The 
  inferior 
  articular 
  

   face 
  is 
  sub-transverse, 
  or 
  directed 
  forwards 
  and 
  inwards. 
  It 
  is 
  constricted 
  in 
  the 
  middle, 
  

   the 
  outer 
  portion 
  the 
  smaller. 
  

  

  The 
  cotylus 
  of 
  the 
  mandible 
  is 
  also 
  obliquely 
  transverse, 
  the 
  inner 
  portion 
  deeper 
  in 
  

   order 
  to 
  receive 
  the 
  large 
  condyle 
  of 
  the 
  quadratum. 
  

  

  The 
  inaudible 
  of 
  course 
  partakes 
  of 
  the 
  exceedingly 
  elongate 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  cranium, 
  rel- 
  

   atively 
  exceeding 
  Mosasaurus 
  in 
  this 
  respect. 
  

  

  The 
  fossa 
  for 
  the 
  temporal 
  muscle 
  is 
  large 
  and 
  deep, 
  but 
  without 
  inner 
  wall. 
  The 
  

   coronoid 
  process 
  elevated, 
  convex 
  and 
  rugose 
  interiorly, 
  and 
  with 
  a 
  deep 
  longitudinal 
  

   groove 
  exteriorly. 
  The 
  superior 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  coronoid 
  bone 
  is 
  concave, 
  and 
  broad. 
  The 
  

   dentary 
  terminates 
  in 
  a 
  peculiar 
  striate 
  plug 
  posterior 
  to 
  the 
  last 
  tooth. 
  The 
  distal 
  third 
  

   or 
  less, 
  is 
  strongly 
  grooved 
  for 
  Meckel's 
  cartilage 
  ; 
  proximally 
  this 
  is 
  concealed 
  by 
  the 
  

   very 
  long 
  laminiform 
  splenial. 
  

  

  The 
  splenial 
  is 
  largely 
  developed 
  on 
  the 
  outer 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  ramus, 
  where 
  it 
  articulates 
  

   with 
  a 
  bone 
  whose 
  homologies 
  are 
  somewhat 
  uncertain. 
  

  

  The 
  subarticidar 
  has 
  a 
  narrow 
  and 
  inferior 
  exposure 
  on 
  the 
  external 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  ramus, 
  

   and 
  meets 
  the 
  angular 
  just 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  a 
  point 
  opposite 
  the 
  anterior 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  glenoid 
  

   cavity. 
  Interiorly 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  little 
  more 
  elevated, 
  but 
  only 
  opposite 
  to 
  the 
  coronoid 
  process 
  : 
  

   behind 
  and 
  above 
  this 
  it 
  is 
  restricted 
  by 
  the 
  long 
  anterior 
  process 
  of 
  the 
  angular. 
  Ante- 
  

   riorly 
  it 
  is 
  terminated 
  by 
  the 
  squamosal 
  suture 
  of 
  what 
  may 
  be 
  the 
  splenial, 
  just 
  below 
  the 
  

   first 
  rise 
  of 
  the 
  coronoid 
  process. 
  

  

  The 
  angular 
  furnishes 
  the 
  floor 
  for 
  the 
  cotylus 
  for 
  the 
  quadratum. 
  Inwardly 
  it 
  is 
  

   concave 
  longitudinally, 
  but 
  does 
  not 
  send 
  any 
  horizontal 
  process 
  inwardly: 
  its 
  angle 
  is 
  

   obtuse; 
  above 
  broad 
  and 
  oblique. 
  Exteriorly 
  it 
  gives 
  way 
  to 
  the 
  largo 
  articular. 
  In- 
  

  

  