﻿226 
  THE 
  EXTINCT 
  BATRACHIA, 
  REPTILIA 
  

  

  of 
  a 
  ridge 
  which 
  disappears 
  opposite 
  the 
  superior 
  or 
  condyloid 
  tuberosity. 
  The 
  latter 
  is 
  small, 
  but 
  very 
  prominent, 
  and 
  

   with 
  striate 
  sides. 
  The 
  articular 
  facets 
  for 
  the 
  radius 
  and 
  ulna, 
  form 
  together 
  a 
  curve. 
  The 
  inferior 
  condyloid 
  pro- 
  

   cess 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  prominent 
  and 
  massive 
  of 
  all, 
  the 
  smooth 
  extremity 
  sub-triangular, 
  acuminating 
  to 
  the 
  ulnar 
  articu- 
  

   tion. 
  Its 
  sides 
  are 
  rugose. 
  

  

  While 
  the 
  proximal 
  extremities 
  of 
  the 
  ulna 
  and 
  radius 
  are 
  not 
  in 
  exactly 
  the 
  same 
  plane, 
  the 
  distal 
  are; 
  the 
  ulna 
  

   is 
  the 
  twisted 
  bone. 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  tuberosity 
  in 
  place 
  of 
  an 
  olecranon, 
  which 
  is 
  not 
  very 
  prominent; 
  it 
  is 
  partly 
  covered 
  by 
  

   a 
  reflected 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  capped 
  by 
  articular 
  cartilage. 
  Distally 
  there 
  are 
  three 
  articular 
  facets, 
  the 
  middle 
  the 
  

   largest. 
  This 
  with 
  the 
  inner 
  seem 
  adapted 
  to 
  the 
  ulnar 
  and 
  intermedial 
  carpals. 
  The 
  radius 
  has 
  but 
  one 
  articular 
  

   face 
  distally. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  wide 
  bone, 
  expanded 
  into 
  a 
  semi-disc, 
  which 
  increases 
  the 
  width 
  of 
  the 
  paddle, 
  and 
  conse- 
  

   quently 
  the 
  natatory 
  power. 
  Both 
  these 
  bones 
  are 
  striate 
  near 
  the 
  articular 
  surfaces, 
  and 
  most 
  so 
  proximally. 
  The 
  

   posterior 
  face 
  of 
  the 
  proximal 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  ulna 
  is 
  the 
  concave 
  one; 
  of 
  the 
  radius, 
  it 
  is 
  the 
  convex. 
  

  

  The 
  radial 
  carpal 
  is 
  the 
  largest 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  row. 
  It 
  presents 
  a 
  free 
  edge 
  towards 
  the 
  inter-osseous 
  space, 
  which 
  

   is 
  exceedingly 
  short, 
  and 
  margins 
  a 
  prominence 
  in 
  the 
  otherwise 
  oval 
  outline. 
  There 
  are 
  two 
  distal 
  articular 
  facets, 
  

   and 
  one 
  interior. 
  The 
  bone 
  I 
  have 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  intermedial 
  is 
  concave 
  on 
  the 
  inter-osseous 
  face, 
  and 
  presents 
  

   two 
  sub-equal 
  distal 
  articular 
  fac.ets, 
  one 
  shorter 
  superior, 
  and 
  two 
  inferior 
  facets. 
  The 
  ulnar 
  carpal 
  is 
  thicker 
  than 
  

   the 
  intermedial, 
  but 
  not 
  large, 
  and 
  considerably 
  smaller 
  than 
  the 
  radial. 
  It 
  has 
  two 
  distal 
  and 
  one 
  superior 
  facet. 
  

   All 
  the 
  carpals 
  are 
  delicately 
  striate, 
  but 
  not 
  medially 
  — 
  only 
  near 
  and 
  at 
  right 
  angles 
  to 
  the 
  articular 
  facets. 
  The 
  

   outline 
  of 
  the 
  inter-osseous 
  space 
  is 
  a 
  wide 
  elongate 
  oval, 
  not 
  quite 
  symmetrical. 
  

  

  In. 
  Lin. 
  

  

  Length 
  from 
  head 
  humerus 
  to 
  second 
  row 
  carpals, 
  3 
  6.8 
  

  

  " 
  humerus, 
  1 
  9.5 
  

  

  Width 
  proximally, 
  15.5 
  

  

  " 
  medially, 
  10.5 
  

  

  " 
  distally, 
  20. 
  

  

  Thickness 
  head 
  and 
  greater 
  tuberosity. 
  9.5 
  

  

  Length 
  ulna, 
  16 
  

  

  " 
  radius, 
  18.5 
  

  

  Width 
  " 
  head, 
  9.5 
  

  

  " 
  " 
  shank, 
  7 
  

  

  " 
  distally, 
  19. 
  

  

  " 
  ulna 
  " 
  11.5 
  

  

  " 
  " 
  shank, 
  6 
  

  

  " 
  " 
  proximally, 
  11.5 
  

  

  " 
  inter-osseous 
  space 
  (transverse), 
  10.5 
  

  

  " 
  carpals 
  first 
  row, 
  2 
  4 
  

  

  Length 
  radiale, 
  11.3 
  

  

  " 
  intermedium, 
  8.6 
  

  

  " 
  ulnare, 
  8.3 
  

  

  Width 
  " 
  7 
  

  

  " 
  radiale, 
  8.5 
  

  

  Thickness 
  " 
  3. 
  

  

  Length 
  coracoid 
  (antero-posterior), 
  3 
  1. 
  

  

  Width 
  " 
  (inferior), 
  2 
  0.7 
  

  

  Length 
  " 
  anterior 
  limb, 
  20.4 
  

  

  " 
  " 
  posterior 
  " 
  11.5 
  

  

  " 
  proximal 
  extremity 
  of 
  scapula, 
  9.5 
  

  

  Diameter 
  (long) 
  of 
  glenoid 
  cavity, 
  11 
  

  

  The 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  os 
  quadratum 
  furnishes 
  a 
  tripodal 
  cartilage 
  capped 
  face; 
  the 
  anterior, 
  narrowest, 
  is 
  the 
  margin 
  of 
  

   the 
  large 
  anterior 
  ala; 
  the 
  posterior, 
  the 
  widest 
  and 
  longest, 
  descends 
  behind 
  the 
  auricular 
  meatus, 
  and 
  is 
  curved 
  out- 
  

  

  