16 SPATULA CLYPEATA 



C. S. and H. H. Brimley, 1919) to Virginia (Rives, 1890), Maryland (Cooke, 1906) and Delaware 

 (Rhoads and Pennock, 1905). There are even a few winter records for New Jersey (Cooke, 1900). 

 So far as I know there is only one record of its occurrence in the Bermudas (S. G. Reid, 1884) and 

 Atlantic none for the Bahamas. But in the West Indies it is found in variable numbers in Cuba 



Islands (Gundlach, 1875; Barbour, 1923), Porto Rico (Wetmore, 1916), Jamaica (P. L. Sclater, 



1910), St. Thomas (A. Newton, 1860), Dominica (U.S. Biological Survey), Barbados (Feilden, 1889), 

 and Trinidad (Leotaud, 1866). 



This is a very common duck south of the United States in winter. It has been found in almost 

 every State of Mexico and is recorded from Sonora (G. N. Lawrence, 1874; J. A. Allen, 1893), Sin- 



aloa (G.N.Lawrence,1874; Miller, 1905),Tepic (H.H.Bailey, 1906),Zacatecas (British 

 Southern Museum), Nuevo Leon (Sanchez, 1877-78), Tamaulipas (Phillips, 1911), the whole Gulf 

 America Coast (Sanford, Bishop and Van Dyke, 1903), Guanajuato (British Museum), Jalisco 



(Sanchez, 1877-78; Beebe, 1905), Colima and Michoacan (U.S. Biological Survey), 

 Valle de Mexico (Villada, 1891-92) and southern Vera Cruz (P. L. Sclater, 1862). In Central Amer- 

 ica it has been found in Guatemala (Salvin and Godman, 1897-1904), Nicaragua (Rendahl, 1919), 

 Costa Rica (von Frantzius, 1869; Carriker, 1910) and Panama (Bangs, 1901; de Armas, 1893). The 

 southernmost records in the New World are for Colombia, South America, where specimens have 

 been taken at Bogota (P. L. Sclater, 1855) and Medellin (P. L. Sclater and Salvin, 1879). Stray 

 birds occasionally summer in the far south (Museum of Comparative Zoology specimen from near 

 Mexico City in August). 



In Europe the Shoveller winters in the British Isles, north even to the Hebrides and Orkneys 

 (Rintoul and Baxter, 1920a; Seebohm, 1885; H. Saunders, 1899; etc.) and quite commonly in Ireland 

 _ (Ussher and Warren, 1900). On the Continent a few occasionally pass mild winters in 



western and southern Germany (Oldenburg, Schwerin, Lippe, Hessia, Baden, and 

 Bavaria) and there is one winter record for Pomerania (Naumann, 1896-1905). Some winter in the 

 Netherlands or Belgium, and Ternier and Masse (1907) state that a few may be found in Normandy, 

 while d'Aubusson (1911) says the same in regard to Picardy. It has wintered near Montlucon in the 

 Bourbonnais (des Prugnes, 1912) and is common in the cold season in Provence (Clarke, 1898; 

 l'Hermitte, 1916). In Portugal it is a rather common bird in winter (A. C. Smith, 1868; Tait, 1887; de 

 Seabra, 1910) and in Spain it is plentiful, especially in the south, and it occurs also on the Balearics 

 (Reyes y Prosper, 1886; Arevalo y Baca, 1887; A. Chapman and Buck, 1910). It is a common bird in 

 Sardinia (Salvadori, 1865; Brooke, 1873) but is not abundant in Corsica (J. Whitehead, 1885; Jour- 

 dain, 1912). C. A. Wright (1864) speaks of it as abundant in Malta, but throughout Italy it is not 

 common in winter, excepting perhaps in the southern provinces (Giglioli, 1889-91; Arrigoni degli 

 Oddi, 1904). A few winter in the warmer parts of Switzerland (Fatio, 1904) and in the Tyrol (Altham- 

 mer, 1857); but it is not common in Dalmatia (KolombatoviC, 1903). Mojsisovics von Mojsvar 

 (1897) says some winter in the Drave region of southern Hungary, and farther south, in Albania and 

 throughout Greece, it is abundant (Powys, 1860; von Lindermayer, 1860; Lodge, 1909). Elwes and 

 Buckley (1870) speak of it as very common in Macedonia. E. von Middendorff (1891) mentions 

 specimens taken in winter (December 8, 1886) at the mouth of the Volga. 



In West Africa the Shoveller has been taken as far south as Zaria in northern Nigeria (Hartert, 

 1915). Verreaux (fide Hartlaub, 1857) met with it on the Casamance, but it seems doubtful whether 

 . f . it goes regularly farther south than Morocco. De Rochebrune's (1883-85) statement 



that it is common in Senegambia is not trustworthy. It is rare on the Canary Islands 

 (Bannerman, 1919) and seems to have been taken only once in Madeira (Schmitz, 1907). In Morocco 

 it is fairly common (S. G. Reid, 1885; H. and A. Vaucher, 1915) and the same is true of Algeria and 

 Tunis (Talamon, 1904; J. I. S. Whitaker, 1905; Zedlitz, 1909; Millet-Horsin, 1912). In East Africa the 

 range extends much farther south for it is abundant in Egypt and Nubia (Shelley, 1872; Cecil, 1904; 

 Nicoll, 1919) and along the White and Blue Niles (von Heuglin, 1873; Jiigerskiold, 1904; Ogilvie- 



