SHOVELLER 17 



Grant, 1902). Von Heuglin (1873) took specimens occasionally on both sides of the Red Sea and 

 other travellers (Matschie, 1893; Yerbury, 1896) have found it in the Aden district of southern 

 Arabia. Salvadori (1894) has recorded it from Gurat in Somaliland, while Emin Pasha (Reichenow, 

 1900) met with it in Wadelai. On the lakes of southern Abyssinia and about Harrar it has been found 

 in enormous numbers (von Heuglin, 1873; Salvadori, 1884, 1888; Ogilvie-Grant, 1900; von Erlanger, 

 1905). According to B. Horsbrugh (1912) it has been found in British East Africa, and it is usually 

 common on Lake Naivasha (so Dr. Van Someren told me), while in what was formerly German East 

 Africa specimens have been taken on the Nyeri swamps (Schillings, 1905). Sjostedt (1910) says the 

 species was several times seen in the Kilimandjaro region. Fairbridge (1893) has recorded a specimen 

 taken eight miles from Capetown on September 15, 1892, a record which is open to question. 



The Shoveller winters commonly in Palestine (Tristram, 1884; Meinertzhagen, 1920a) and in the 

 Taurus region of Asia Minor (Danford, 1880), if not throughout the whole of the latter region, at 

 least on the coast. Members of the British Expeditionary Force found it common in . . 

 Mesopotamia (T. R. L., 1918; Stoneham, 1919). Sharpe (1886) has recorded it from 

 Fao on the Persian Gulf and it is known to winter in many parts of Persia, even in the northwest 

 along the Caspian and in the Parapamis region (Radde, 1886; Zarudny, 1911). It is not common in 

 southern Afghanistan (O. B. St. John, 1889; C. Swinhoe, 1882; C. H. T. Whitehead, 1909), but 

 winters in considerable numbers in Baluchistan, especially in the south (Zarudny, 1911; Meinertz- 

 hagen, 1920). A few winter as far north as Yarkand (Scully, fide Hume and Marshall, 1879) and a 

 good many do so in Kashmir (ibid.) while it is found everywhere throughout India, south to Ceylon 

 and east to Assam (Hume and Marshall, 1879; Legge, 1880; Baker, 1908). In Arakan it is rare 

 (Hopwood, 1912) and it is not very common either in the Shan States (Bingham and Thompson, 

 1900; Rippon, 1901). A specimen was taken in Siam near Bangkok and another at Kuala, Lampur, 

 Federated Malay States, 3° north latitude (Williamson, 1916). The British Museum has a specimen 

 from Cochin China. 



In China the Shoveller is found in winter only in the southern parts. E. H. Wilson (1913) met 

 with it near Kiating, Szechwan, but in the Yangtse basin it is found only sparingly _, . 

 (Styan, 1891; Wade, 1895; La Touche, 1922). On the other hand it is common at 

 Foochow and Swatow (La Touche, 1892) and not rare about Hong-kong (Vaughan and Jones, 1913). 

 It is common also in Formosa (von Heuglin, 1874) and in southern Japan, north at Formosa 

 least as far as Tokio (Blakiston and Pryer, 1878; Seebohm, 1890). Specimens have Japan 

 been taken in the Loo-choo group, one even in midsummer, on July 12 (Ogawa, 1905) ! Pacific 

 A number of specimens have been taken in the Philippines (R. C. McGregor, 1909) and Islands 

 in northwestern Borneo (Moulton, 1914). The easternmost record is of a pair taken on Big 

 Makin Island, Gilbert group, on June 22, 1894 (North, 1895)! The statement of Gould (1865) 

 that the Shoveller has been taken in New South Wales, Australia, requires further substantiation. 



It is possible that several species of ducks, including the Shoveller, are found in winter on the Fann- 

 ing and Washington Islands (information given to Dr. A. Wetmore by a diver named Anderson). 



Migration 



The Shoveller is one of the late migrants in the spring, and is correspondingly early in the autumn. 

 It shows a tendency to linger on its journey north and often stays so late that observers are inclined 

 to rank it as a breeding bird. Thus in the Valle de Mexico it has been seen as late as early May 

 (Villada, 1891-92), while in northern Mexico specimens are seen in late May (Sanford, Bishop and 

 Van Dyke, 1903); according to Leotaud (1866) it does not leave Trinidad until April or May. But 

 most of the birds pass through the United States in March or April. Representative dates of arrival 

 taken from Cooke (1906) and from various local writers, are as follows: Colorado, March 10-20; 

 Montana, mostly in the middle of April, once as early as March 24; Kansas, March 15-April 1; 

 Nebraska, March 25; South Dakota, April 1-15; North Dakota, April 13; Iowa, March 23; Minne- 



