198 NYROCA NYROCA 



(Tristram, 1884) and on Cyprus (Bucknill, 1911). It is a regular breeding bird throughout the north- 

 ern parts of Persia (Zarudny, 1911), Afghanistan (C. Swinhoe, 1882), Transcaspia 

 Palestine (Radde and Walter, 1889), Ferghana and Pamir (Severtzoff, 1883; Sehalow, 1908). 

 T It is a very abundant breeding duck in Kashmir (Hume and Marshall, 1879; Davidson, 



A s i a 1898; Baker, 1921), and likewise, it appears, in southern Tibet (Loudon, 1905; 



H. J. Walton, 1906). Northward the breeding range includes Kashgaria (Scully, 1876), 

 the southern and eastern Tian-Shan (Sehalow, 1908), and all of Turkestan excepting the south- 

 western desert tracts (Severtzoff, 1883). Farther north still it becomes ever more rare as a summer 

 Western resident. On the Kirgiz steppes it nests only occasionally (Suschkin, 1914) nor is it 

 Siberia common about Astrakan and Sarepta (Moeschler, 1853; Seebohm, 1882). To the east- 



ward, Smallbones (1906) found it rather common on the Hi River. It has been seen about the Sas- 

 syk-kul, Ala-kul and Marka-kul, and breeds regularly on the latter (Finsch, 1879; Poliakov, 1916). 

 According to Hesse (1913) it is a rare breeder on the mountain lakes of the eastern Altai. Farther 

 north the species has been taken at Tomsk on April 25 (P. and J. Zalesski, 1915) and is said to be not 

 uncommon about Lake Chany (Finsch, 1879). Finsch also met with it near Obdorsk and found a 

 specimen in autumn in the market at Tobolsk. 



Winter Range 



In winter the White-eyed Pochard is occasionally found in Europe as far north as the British Isles, 



there being six winter records for Ireland (Ussher and Warren, 1900) and a few for 



British England. On the Continent it has been seen during the cold weather in Germany near 



Isles Danzig (R. Blasius, 1891), and along the Rhine (von Reichenau, 1888; Le Roi, 1906), 



Germany as we jj as - m Luxembourg (La Fontaine, 1865-72), in Poland (Taczanowski, 1888) and 



in Switzerland (Fatio, 1904). It is of regular occurrence, though rare in Provence 

 Switzer- 

 i j (l'Hermitte, 1916), and not very common in Portugal (Tait, 1887; de Seabra, 1910). 



France Small numbers have been seen in southern Spain (A. Chapman, 1888) but in the south- 



Portugal eastern and eastern parts of the peninsula especially about Valencia, it is more corn- 

 Spain mon (Arevalo y Baca, 1887). Munn (1921) has recorded it from Majorca. It is not 

 Italy very common in Sardinia (Salvadori, 1865) or Malta (Despott, 1917), but is abundant 

 Hungary in Sicily and a regular wintering bird in the southern part of the Apennine peninsula 

 (Giglioli, 1886; Arrigoni degli Oddi, 1904). The species has on occasion been known 

 to pass the winter in Hungary (Schenk, 1899), but is rare in Dalmatia (Kolombatovic, 1903). It 

 seems to be more abundant in Montenegro (Reiser and von Fiihrer, 1896), Albania and western 

 Greece (Powys, 1860; Simpson, 1860), as well as in Macedonia (Harrison, 1918). Radakoff (1879) 

 _ . states that it is abundant on the Danube delta and about Burgas in winter, and Valkh 

 (1911) says a few winter in the west of the Ekaterinoslav Government in southern 

 Russia. 



La western Africa the White-eye has been known to occur as far south as northern Nigeria (two 

 females taken at Zaria, — Hartert, 1915). It has also been taken on the Cape Verde Islands, Boa- 

 Western vista, February 5, 1898 (Salvadori, 1899) and there is one good record of its appearance 

 Africa on Gran Canaria, in the Canaries, November, 1829 (Bannerman, 1919). It is regu- 



larly found in Morocco and is fairly common in northern Algeria (Rothschild and Hartert, 1912). 

 Tristram (1860) states that he saw great numbers in the northern Sahara. In Tunis it is common 

 (J. I. S. Whitaker, 1905). 



In northeastern Africa this duck is extremely abundant in Lower Egypt in winter (Shelley, 1872; 

 North- Nicoll, 1919) , and is occasionally seen farther south. Both A. L. Butler (1908) and W. L. 



eastern Sclater and Mackworth-Praed (1920) have recorded specimens from Khartum, and 



nca Ogilvie-Grant (1900) has reported it from Lake Harrar Meyer in southern Abyssinia. 



Others have been taken at Tigre, Aden and Sokotra (Matschie, 1893; Reichenow, 1900). 



