232 NYROCA FULIGULA 



and von Mliller (1856) speaks of it as rare in the breeding season in the Camargue and Provence. It 

 _. . has been said to nest in Sicily, Sardinia, Tuscany, Lombardy, and Venice, but serious 



ornithologists like Giglioli (1886) and Arrigoni degli Oddi (1904), justly regard such 

 statements as unsatisfactory. 



In Montenegro it very probably breeds (Reiser and von Fiihrer, 1896), as it does in Bosnia (Reiser, 

 fide Millais, 1913), Albania and Epirus (Powys, 1860). A flock has been seen on Lake Ferto, Hungary, 

 P .. in June (Aquila, vol. 15, p. 327, 1908) and Reiser (1894) saw specimens in the same 



month in Bulgaria. According to Dombrowski (Millais, 1913) the species nests in the 

 Dobrudja and Hartert (1920a) says it has recently done so in Rumania; but there are no records of 

 breeding in southern Russia. Buturlin (in Dresser, 1908-09) states that some breed in Kief and 

 „ . Voronesh. In central Russia it nests in Tida and Moscow (Menzbier, 1881; Lorenz, 



1892) and fairly commonly in Novgorod and Petrograd (Bianchi, 1907, 1910). None 

 of . 1C apparently breed in Poland, but it is said to nest in all the Baltic States (Sawitzky, 



1899; Loudon, 1909). In northern Russia it is undoubtedly an abundant breeding bird, 

 especially in the northwest, about Archangel (Seebohm, 1882a) and even in Russian Lapland 

 (Pleske, 1886). Farther east Seebohm (1885) did not find it very common on the Petchora and did 

 not meet with it north of latitude 67° 30', though Trevor-Battye (1895) saw a specimen on Kolguev 

 on August 11. It is probably a common nester in the Urals, at least in Perm (Sabanaeff, 1878) 

 and Kasan (Russki, 1893) and down the Volga at least to Sarepta (Moeschler, 1853) and probably 

 to Astrakhan (Seebohm, 1882). According to Radde (1884) it breeds even so far south as Lake 

 Gotchai in the Caucasus. This is perhaps an isolated nesting locality. 



There is some evidence of a breeding area in the Abyssinian highlands. Blanford (1870) saw speci- 

 Africa mens there in May and others have been taken on Lakes Cialalaka, Haddo, and Hora 



Abyssinia ha May and June (Salvadori, 1884, 1888), but these may have been simply non- 

 breeders. 



In Asia the Tufted Duck has been taken as late as July in Palestine (Meinertzhagen, 1920) and a 



^ s j a few are known to nest in Cyprus (Bucknill, 1911). In Persia it is possible that a re- 



p stricted number stay about Seistan to nest (Zarudny, 1911), but apparently none do 



_ . so in Transcaspia, or in Turkestan. Farther north, however, it breeds all over the Kir- 



Persia 



giz steppes (Nazarow, 1887; Suschkin, 1914) and throughout western Siberia. There 



West Si- are f ew actual records of nests found in this region but Finsch (1879) found the species 

 in the Ob basin north to Obdorsk; Poliakov (1916) says it is a fairly common breeder 

 on the Irtysh and Ushakov (1913) speaks of it as a very common breeder about Tobolsk; Zalesski 

 (1915) reports it from Tomsk in April; Schalow (1908) says it breeds in the northwestern Tian-shan, 

 p . and Severtzoff (1883) has reported specimens from the Kara-kul, Pamir, in July. 



Suschkin (1913) speaks of the Saissan-nor and Russian Altai as nesting areas. 

 Farther east, specimens have been taken at Akmolinsk in July (Bianchi, 1902a) and it has been 

 East Si- reported as common on the Jenesei from Jeneseisk northward to Dudinka, 69° 30' 



beria nort h latitude (Seebohm, 1880; Popham, 1898, 1901). Maak (1859) found this duck 



breeding on the Wiljui, and both von Bunge and von Toll (1887) and Buturlin (1908) speak of it as a 

 common bird on the Lena and in the Werchojansk region from the latitude of Yakutsk north to 69° 

 or 70° north latitude. Farther south it nests on the Argun River, Dauria (Taczanowski, 1873), and is 

 very common on the Amur, especially on the lower parts (von Schrenck, 1859). According to Dbrries 

 (1888) it is common on the Suiffun and Ussuri Rivers, too, and Prjevalski (1878) states that a few 

 nest about Lake Hanka. Northward on the coast, A. T. von Middendorff (1853) found it not uncom- 

 mon in the Stanowoi Mountains and J. A. Allen (1905) has recorded a specimen from as far north as 

 Gichiga (May 23). Nothing definite is known as to its status in Kamchatka but Mr. Kuroda writes 

 me that specimens have been taken there (July, 1918). Limited numbers presumably nest on the 

 Commander Islands, where specimens have been taken in May and June (Stejneger, 1887; Hartert, 



