SCAUP DUCK 249 



Italian: Moretta grigia, Moretton, Pescareula, Magasseto, Campanaton, Moro, 



Stampanaton, Murett, Moretta grixa, Buscin, Moretta nera, Niedduzen. 

 Spanish: Buixot. 



Danish: Bjergand, Polsk Aedelmand, Skjaeland. 

 Norwegian: Bjergand, Li-and, Berg-and, Svart-and. 

 Swedish: Hvitbuk, Berg-and, Grimmad-and, Is-and, Doppand. 

 Dutch: Topper-eend, Veldduiker. 

 Icelandic: Dukond, Hrafnsond. 

 Finnish: Tunturisotka, Iso sortti, Karitelkka. 

 Lapp: Stuora fietag. 

 Esthonian: Leela kerra. 



Russian: Golubaya-ckernet, Beloglaska, Sorowoi nyrok, Morjanka, Cheredy. 

 Polish: Kaczka ogorzalka. 

 Czech: Kaholka. 

 Hungarian: Hegyi recze. 

 Croatian: Patka crninka, Patka rujavka. 

 Arabic: Jankljha. 

 Ostiak: Langi-chentck. 

 Samoyed: Tanebu. 

 Japanese: Nakikajiro, Suzugamo. 



DESCRIPTION 



Adult Male: Head and neck black, glossed on the face and sides of neck with dark green. Sometimes 

 there is a white spot on the chin. Mantle, as well as whole breast, deep black. Scapulars white, irregu- 

 larly barred with narrow wavy black lines, the black bars becoming much wider oh the long scapulars. 

 Back, rump, and upper tail-coverts black. Tail dark brown. The under side has the whole breast 

 black like the neck, sharply defined from the white of the abdomen and flanks. Lower abdomen more 

 or less gray and vermiculated. Under tail-coverts black, slightly mixed with gray. Outer wing- 

 coverts dark gray-brown finely vermiculated with white, except the last row, which have greenish 

 reflections and no vermiculations. Speculum white, bounded posteriorly by a wide black band 

 which is carried by the tips of the secondaries. Primaries blackish on the outer web and brownish 

 to pearl gray on the inner web. There is, however, considerable variation in the color of the inner 

 primaries. Under wing white except the marginal coverts which are mixed with brown. 



Iris light yellow to bright lemon-orange color. Bill pale grayish blue to bright lead gray. Legs and 

 toes lead blue. 



Wing 220-233 mm.; bill 43-47; tarsus 35-40. 



Weight 2 pounds, 4 ounces to 2 pounds, 10 ounces (1.0 to 1.1 kilograms); exceptionally 2 pounds, 

 12 ounces (1.2 kilograms) Martha's Vineyard Island, Massachusetts, 1919. Average of adult birds in 

 December at Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, is 2 pounds, 5| ounces. 



Adult Female: Forehead and an irregular patch along the base of the culmen white, but there is a 

 great deal of variation among individuals. Sometimes there is little or no white on forehead and chin 

 and the patch along the base of culmen may be greatly reduced. Remainder of head brown, some- 

 times (probably in older specimens) very dark brown or blackish. Mantle and scapulars dark brown, 



