SCAUP DUCK 253 



The Scaup has never been found breeding in Greenland, but there are a few records of its occur- 

 rence on the coasts, one at Godhaven on the west coast (D. Walker, 1860), one at Nanortalik on 

 the south coast (Wmge, fide Schalow, 1905), one for Angmagsalik (Helms, 1911), two 

 for Stormkap, June 21, 1907 (Manniche, 1910), and one from "northeast Greenland" Euro P e 

 (Lindhard, 1910). There is also one in the Schioler collection from Nanortalik Greenland 

 (Schioler, 1912). 



In Iceland, on the other hand, the Scaup is one of the most abundant breeding birds (H. J. and 

 C. E. Pearson, 1895; Hantzsch, 1905; Millais, 1913; et al.). A few nest on the Faroes Iceland 

 (H. C. Muller, 1869; Feilden, 1872; E. W. Oates, 1902; Millais, 1913) and on the Ork- 

 neys (British Ornithologists' Union Checklist, 1915), while for the rest of Scotland 

 there are records of breeding in Sutherlandshire and quite regularly on some of the &cotlan<1 

 islands in the Uist group, Outer Hebrides (Millais, 1913; Witherby et al., 1919-22). There are no 

 other nesting records for the British Isles. 



On the Continent the Scaup breeds extensively throughout the Scandinavian Peninsula, in the 

 mountainous regions of the south as well as in the more northern parts, even to Va- Scandi- 

 ranger Fjord (Nilsson, 1858; Collett, 1873; Palmen, 1876; Hartwig, 1889; Schaanning, navia 

 1913; Millais, 1913). In Finland it occurs as a breeding bird chiefly in the northwest, 

 where it has been successively found nesting commonly on the upper Muonio (S. A. 

 Davies, 1905), fairly abundant in May and June about Sodankyla (Finnila, 1913), rare, but evidently 

 breeding in the Muonio-Enontekis region (Montell, 1917). Palmen (1876) says that it nests even as 

 far north as the Enare region. There are no records of its nesting in Denmark, Holland, „ 

 Belgium or France, and Hartert (1920a) is skeptical in regard to all reports of breeding 

 in Germany, though Blasius (in Naumann, 1896-1905) says he actually found nest and eggs near 

 Hiddensoe in Brunswick. Other nesting records are certainly all unsatisfactory. There is one record 

 of its breeding in Bohemia, at Reirer Picina, 1892 (Riha, 1892). It has never been reported breeding 

 in Poland, nor in the Baltic States, excepting on the island of Oesel (Loudon, 1910). Baltic 

 In Russia the breeding range includes only the northernmost parts. A few nest in Nov- States 

 gorod Government (Bianchi, 1910) and it evidently does so about Lakes Ladoga and R uss i a 

 Onega (Sievers, 1877). It has been found nesting in Russian Lapland (Goebel, fide 

 H. J. Pearson, 1904) and is said by Dresser (1871-81) to do so about Archangel. On the lower Pet- 

 chora it was not uncommon (Seebohm, 1885). Trevor-Battye (1895) mentions taking specimens on 

 June 16 and July 18 on Kolguev Island. 



In Asia the breeding grounds of the Scaup he in the northernmost parts. Nazarow (1887) states 

 that it nests on the steppes northeast of the Caspian on the upper Emba River, but . . 

 this must be exceptional to say the least. Finsch (1879) found it in the valley of the 

 Ob, north to Obdorsk and Paravatski-Yurti, and Zitkov (1912) has recorded it from Western 

 the Yamal Peninsula. According to Pallas (1831) it is especially to be found on the 

 lower Ob. To the eastward it is not uncommon and breeds on the Jenesei to 70° Eastern 

 45' north latitude (Popham, 1897, 1898; Seebohm, 1885). Several were seen near Siberia 

 Werchojansk in June (von Bunge and von Toll, 1887) and A. von Middendorff (1853) reported 

 the species breeding commonly on the Boganida. Buturlin (1906) as well as Thayer and Bangs 

 (1914) state that it is common at the mouth of the Kolyma, and Bianchi (1908) lists a specimen 

 taken in the Anadyr Basin in late May. There is at least one actual breeding record for Kamchatka 

 (Kuroda, in litt.) and the species is found there throughout the spring and summer (Barrett-Ham- 

 ilton, 1900; Bianchi, 1909a). Off the coast it nests abundantly on Bering Island, and to a less extent 

 on Copper Island in the Commander group (Stejneger, 1885, 1887; Bianchi, 1909; Com- 

 Hartert, 1920a). J. A. Allen (1905) reports it as very rare on the northeast coast of mander 

 Siberia, and states that it is said to breed at Marcova. The species probably nests I slanas 

 occasionally on Saghalin Island, too . Specimens were taken there at Chaivo, June 18, 1913 (Hesse, 

 1915) and on the delta of the Susuya, in the south, on May 19 (Lonnberg, 1908). 



