SCAUP DUCK 



255 



British 



Isles 



Germany 



Denmark 



Norway 



Holland 



Belgium 



France 



Isles, especially in the north (R. Gray, 1871; Dresser, 1871-81; Seebohm, 1885; Cor- 



deaux, 1896; H. Saunders, 1899; Ussher and Warren, 1900; Millais, 1913; Witherby 



et al., 1919-22). On the Continent it is found abundantly on the coasts of Germany, 



Baltic as well as North Sea (Naumann, 1896-1905), Denmark (Kjarbolling, 1850; G. L., 



1918) and southern Norway (Collett, 1873; Schaanning, 1913), and Sweden (Nilsson, 



1858). The same is true of Holland (Schlegel, 1859), Belgium (Dubois, 1886) and the 



northern coast of France (Rogeron, 1903; Ternier and Masse, 1907). It is, of course, 



almost exclusively a coastal bird in winter, but it is occasionally found on larger inland 



waters, not only in the British Isles, but in Germany (R. Blasius, 1896; Le Roi, 1906- 



07; Hesse, 1908), France, Montlucon (des Prugnes, 1912), Switzerland (Fatio, 1904), Austria (Moj 



sisovics von Mojsvar, 1897), Bosnia (Reiser, 1900), Galicia (Prazak, 1898) and south- Interior 



ern Hungary (von Mojsisovics, 1886; Aquila, vol. 2, p. 47, 1895). 



In the Mediterranean it is quite rare in the west. I find no records of its occurrence 

 in Portugal, and it is very rare in Spain. Irby (1875) saw a few at Gibraltar, and Vay- 

 reda {fide Arevalo y Baca, 1887) says it is common on the northeast at Gerona. In 

 Provence it is exceedingly rare (l'Hermitte, 1916). It has not been reported as yet from 

 Morocco, but Loche (1867) says it occurs at Lake Halloula, Algeria, and the Milan 

 Museum has specimens from that Colony. In Tunis it has been found (Lilford, 1895) 

 on the Gulf of Gabes and the neighboring streams (Millet-Horsin, 1912). 



It can hardly be described as more than a straggler in Sardinia (Salvadori, 1865; 

 Brooke, 1873), though J. Whitehead (1885) says it is fairly common in Corsica. It is 

 only accidental in southern Italy. Arrigoni degli Oddi (1904) says he has specimens 

 from both Malta and Sicily, but these are the only records I can find for those islands. 

 About the only parts of Italy where it occurs with any frequency are Lake Garda and 

 the Venetian lagoons (Giglioli, 1886; Arrigoni degli Oddi, 1904). 



On the eastern side of the Adriatic it is not rare in Dalmatia (Kolombatovic, 1903), but it is 

 very uncommon in western Greece (von der Miihle, 1844; Lindermayer, 1860), if it T ue0 _ 

 occurs at all (Reiser, 1905). Farther east, however, it increases in abundance. 

 Elwes and Buckley (1870) found it not rare in Macedonia and Danford and Harvie- 

 Brown (1875) say the same of Transylvania. The species no doubt winters all along 

 the littoral of the Black Sea. Valkh (1911) says a few winter in the western part of 

 Ekaterinoslav, southern Russia, and Kennedy (1921) said it was numerous on the 

 bay at Novorossisk, Kuban. 



Portugal 



Spain 



Southern 

 France 



Algeria 



Tunis 



Sardinia 



Corsica 



Malta 



Sicily 



Italy 



Slavia 



Greece 



Macedonia 



Rumania 



Russia 



According to von Heuglin (1873) he found the Scaup not rare in lower Egypt and Arabia Petrsea, 



Egypt 



Palestine 



Asia 

 Minor 



and even took one pair in December in Abyssinia. This is an unusual statement. A. E. 

 Brehm (1854) had seen it on Lake Menzaleh at an earlier date, and both Cecil (1904) 

 and Whymper (1909) say it occurs in the Delta, but so good an authority as Nicoll 

 (1919) confesses that he never saw or heard of a specimen in Egypt. It does, however, 

 occur on the coast of Palestine (Tristram, 1884), and is not rare on the coasts of Asia 

 Minor (Braun, 1908). 



Radde (1884) states that the Scaup winters on Lake Gotschai in the Caucasus, as well as at Baku, 

 though it is rare at Lenkoran. Seebohm (1883), Loudon (1910) and Zarudny (1911) Caucasus 

 have all reported its occurrence on the south coast of the Caspian, the last-named 

 writer stating that it winters also in the Zaragoss and Mesopotamian regions of Persia, 

 and in the Seistan, though it is rare on the littoral of the Persian and Arabian Seas. It is one of the 

 rarest ducks in India, though very possibly many immature birds are overlooked there. 

 So far it has been recorded from Kashmir, Kullu and Nepal (Hume and Marshall, 

 1879), from Attock and Gurgaon, near Delhi, from Sind (Karachi) and possibly Bombay (Blanford, 

 1898), Calcutta (?), Chittagong, Lakhimpur and Oudh (Baker, 1921). 



Persia 



India 



