LONG-TAILED DUCK 351 



In northwestern Canada the Long-tail nests only north of the forested areas, and generally near 

 the Arctic coast. During May and June large numbers have been seen in the MacKenzie valley 

 (Preble, 1908), but these are birds migrating northward. The species does breed on Northern 

 Herschel Island (Raine, 1892) and evidently on the MacKenzie delta (Frank Russell, Canada 

 1898). Eastward, great numbers nest on the Arctic coast about Franklin Bay and Coronation Gulf 

 (R. MacFarlane, 1908; R. M. Anderson, 1917), and in the interior about Fort Anderson (R. Mac- 

 Farlane, 1908) and farther south on Artillery Lake, Casba Lake, Clinton-Colden Lake and the head 

 of Back River (Seton, 1911). According to C. W. G. Eifrig (1905) great numbers were found nesting 

 about Cape Fullerton on the northwest coast of Hudson Bay. 



The Long-tail has been met with by explorers on almost all the Arctic islands of Canada. Arm- 

 strong (1857) found it common near Prince Alfred Cape, Banks Land, in August, and R. M. Ander- 

 son (1917) has recorded it from Cape Kellett on the same island. Both Franklin (1823) Arctic 

 and T. Simpson (1843) saw numbers in August on Melville Sound. Mr. Stefansson North 

 writes me that he saw the species everywhere in the Parry Islands and found it breeding America 

 as far north as Hassell Sound. Bay (1904) reports it common and breeding in King Oscar Land, and 

 Greely (1886) found it not uncommon about Discovery Harbor and the interior of Grinnell Land. 

 Bessels {fide Schalow, 1905) found nests at Thank God Harbor, south end of Robeson Channel. The 

 northernmost record of its occurrence anywhere is that given by Feilden (1877, 1908) who found the 

 species common and breeding at Floeberg Beach and on the north coast of Grant Land, 82° to 83° 

 north latitude. MacMillan (1918) also took a nest and eggs on the north shore of Grant Land, at 

 Mushroom Point. Farther south it has been met with on the south side of Lancaster Sound and on 

 North Somerset Island {fide Cooke, 1906). Kumlien (1879) states that it nests on Cumberland 

 Sound and Hantzsch (1914; see also Hesse, 1915b) found it a common breeding bird on the great lakes 

 of the interior of Baffin Land. C. W. G. Eifrig (1905) reports it breeding commonly on the South- 

 ampton and other islands in the north part of Hudson Bay. Parry (Richardson, 1825) saw some at 

 Winter Island, Melville Peninsula, and Rae collected one at Repulse Bay that is now in the British 

 Museum. 



Payne (1887) found the Long-tail common about Wales Sound, northwest Labrador, and L. M. 

 Turner (1885) states that it nests in the Ungava region. Hantzsch (1908) found it breeding, but not 

 in great numbers, about Port Burwell and on the east coast of Ungava Bay. On the , , , 

 east coast of Labrador nests have been taken at Okak and Nain {fide C. W. Townsend 

 and Allen, 1907). Audubon found many broods on the south coast of Labrador near Bradore, and 

 Comeau (1909) says some still nest on that coast. A. E. Verrill (1862) spoke of it as an abundant 

 breeder on Anticosti Island and Brewster (1884) was told by local fishermen that the species nested 

 in that vicinity. Cory (1878) has recorded a specimen taken as early as August 14 on the Magdalens 

 but it is doubtful whether the species now nests anywhere in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 



Summer Stragglers 



Non-breeding birds occasionally stay rather far south. Indeed, Sanford (Sanford, Bishop and 

 Van Dyke, 1903) states that he saw a pair, one of which was doubtless a cripple, with young, off 

 Little Gull Island, Long Island Sound, in the summer of 1886, and A. A. Saunders (1913) has re- 

 ported three birds seen on August 2, 1906, at West Haven and fifteen to twenty seen on July 14, 

 1913, near Westport, Connecticut. Crippled or non-breeding birds have also been seen in summer 

 at other localities all along the New England coast. 



In Greenland the Long-tail nests on both coasts. Just what the limits of its range in this region are 

 we do not yet know, but it certainly nests in all the northern parts. MacMillan (1918) found it breed- 

 ing about Etah, and Peary met with it in late June at Tuctoo and Glacier Valleys _, . , 

 (W. Stone, 1895). F. M. Chapman (1899) has recorded it from Holsteinborg and Olrik 

 Bay in June and July, and Vanhoffen (1897) found it nesting at Karajak, Nunatak, and commonly as 



