LONG-TAILED DUCK 353 



the open arctic tundra, where these ducks are very abundant. On the coasts of the Samoyed (Yalmal) 

 peninsula it seems to be particularly numerous (von Nordenskiold, 1882; Collett and Nansen, 1899; 

 Birulia, 1907; Zitkov, 1912) as also about the mouth of the Ob (Finsch, 1877), on the lower Jenesei 

 (M. F. Schmidt, 1872; Popham, 1898; Haviland, 1915) and about the Taimyr peninsula (A. T. von 

 Middendorff, 1853; von Nordenskiold, 1882; Walter, 1902; Birulia, 1907). Von Bunge Eastern 

 and von Toll (1887) found it common about the mouths of the Lena and the Jana as Asia 

 well as on the New Siberian Islands (see also Birulia, 1907), and both Buturlin (1906) and Riley 

 (1918) note many about the mouth of the Kolyma. Thence eastward along the Arctic coast to Bering 

 Straits it is everywhere abundant (von Nordenskiold, 1882; Thayer and Bangs, 1914). We do not 

 know whether this duck nests on the Kamchatkan coasts, but it does so on the Commander Islands 

 (Stejneger, 1885; Bianchi, 1909) and a few are said to nest on the mainland about Marcova (J. A. 

 Allen, 1905). Specimens have been taken in June and August on Saghalin Island (Lonnberg, 1908; 

 Hesse, 1915) but there is no evidence that the species nests there. 



Winter Range 



In the New World the Long-tailed Duck winters in great numbers on the Aleutian Islands, and on the 

 Alaskan coasts south of Bering Strait (Dall, 1874; L. M. Turner, 1886; Nelson, 1887; Alaska 

 Bretherton, 1896; Willett, 1914; Bailey, MS.; et ah). It is abundant on the coasts British 

 of Vancouver and British Columbia (Fannin, 1891; Kermode, 1904). According to Columbia 

 A. Brooks (1903) it is common even in the interior, in the Cariboo district. 



Many also winter on the coasts of Washington (W. L. Dawson and Bowles, 1909; Rathbun, 1915) 

 and in lesser numbers on the coast of Oregon (Pope, 1895-96; Woodcock, 1902) and northern Cali- 

 fornia (J. Grinnell, Bryant and Storer, 1918) though specimens have been taken as far Pacific 

 south as San Diego (ibid.; also Anthony, 1922). In the interior it is very rare, though Coast 

 it has been taken in the cold months in Montana (A. A. Saunders, 1921), Colorado Interior 

 (W. L. Sclater, 1912; Bergtold, 1924), Nebraska (Bruner, Wolcott and Swenk, 1905), Texas 

 Kansas (H. Harris, 1919), Missouri (Widmann, 1907) and Iowa (R. M. Anderson, Louisiana 

 1907). Stragglers have been shot in Texas near the mouth of the Rio Grande (Strecker, 1912), at 

 Fort Clark (U.S. National Museum), one at Lake Surprise (U.S. Biological Survey) and two at 

 Cove (R. B. Lawrence, 1922), and in Louisiana on Lake Catherine (Kohn, 1885) and at Bayou 

 Barataria (Beyer, Allison and Kopman, 1907). 



Some Long-tails winter as far north as Hudson Bay and many were taken at Cape Fullerton (Low, 

 1906). On the Great Lakes, too, it is an abundant wintering species; in Minnesota „ , _ 

 (Roberts, 1916), Wisconsin (Kumlien and Hollister, 1903), Illinois (Ridgway, 1895; 

 Woodruff, 1907), Indiana (A. W. Butler, 1898; C. W. G. Eifrig, 1919), Michigan (Bar- Great 

 rows, 1912), Ohio (L. Jones, 1903), western New York (Eaton, 1901) and Ontario 

 (Raine, 1892; McHwraith, 1894). 



On the Atlantic coast this bird is found in winter as far north as the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the 

 north shore (Comeau, 1909), on Anticosti (Schmitt, 1904) and in western and southern Newfound- 

 land (Millais, 1913) as well as in New Brunswick (Chamberlain, 1882; Bain, 1885; Atlantic 

 Dresser, 1871-81) and Nova Scotia (Downs, 1888). It is abundant all along the New Coast 

 England coast (G. M. Allen, 1909; et al), in southern New York (Eaton, 1910), New Jersey (W. 

 Stone, 1909), Delaware (Rhoads and Pennock, 1905) and southeastern Pennsylvania (B. H. Warren, 

 1890), as well as in Maryland (Kirkwood, 1895) and Virginia (Rives, 1890). In North Carolina it is 

 said to be uncommon (T. G. Pearson, C. S. and H. H. Brimley, 1919) though on Pamlico Sound I 

 have seen a great many in December and January. In South Carolina it is of unusual occurrence, 

 appearing only in severe winters (Wayne, 1910). In Florida it is only a straggler; specimens have 

 been recorded from Titusville (Cory, 1895; W. Y. Peters, in litt.), Leon County (R. W. Williams, 

 1904), Lake Jackson (U.S. Biological Survey) and Tampa (U.S. National Museum). 



