HARLEQUIN DUCK 371 



sibly some breed in the mountains of Oregon, but there is no evidence of this available. Small 

 numbers are, however, known to nest in the Sierra Nevada of central California (Belding, fide J. 

 Grinnell, Bryant and Storer, 1918). In the Rockies the species nests to some extent in Montana near 

 Billings (Birdseye, U.S. Biological Survey) and particularly in Glacier National Park (F. M. Bailey, 

 1918; A. A. Saunders, 1921), in Wyoming (Grave and Walker, 1913; T. S. Palmer, 1913) and as far 

 south as San Juan County, Colorado (W. L. Sclater, 1912; et al.). 



In eastern North America this duck is occasionally seen about the northern parts of the Gulf of 

 St. Lawrence (Schmitt, 1904; Comeau, 1909; C. W. Townsend, 1920) but Audubon's account of its 

 nesting at Grand Manan and the Bay of Fundy is incorrect (the nests found were ap- Eastern 

 parently Red-breasted Mergansers'). It is said to breed in Newfoundland (Merriam, Canada 

 1883; Reeks, 1869), though the evidence is not convincing (Millais, 1913). There is a New- 

 specimen in the United States National Museum taken on James Bay early in June, foundland 

 and Todd (MS.) has found the species breeding on Lake Manuan in northern Quebec. I presume that 

 a few may nest near the east coast of northern Labrador, for it is said to remain all summer at Nain 

 (Schmitt, fide C. W. Townsend and Allen, 1907), and is a not rare breeder about Port Burwell and 

 along the east shore of Ungava Bay (Hantzsch, 1908). F. F. Payne (1887) found it common in Wales 

 Sound on Hudson Strait in June, but says they disappeared after that date. 



Both Kumlien (1879) and Hantzsch (fide Hesse, 1915) have recorded specimens from Cumberland 

 Sound, Baffin Land, but so far we have no certain evidence that the species breeds there. But in 

 Greenland it probably nests along the whole west coast to a high latitude. Chamber- gagjj. Land 

 lain (1889) says it is seen in s umm er in southern Greenland and probably breeds at 

 Arsuk, while Winge (fide J. and J. M. Macoun, 1909) say it nests at Godhaven, Uest- 

 f jord and a number of other localities. Kumlien (1879) found it not uncommon at Godhaven. Other 

 explorers have met with it at Sukkertoppen, Niakornat (F. M. Chapman, 1899), Ivigtut, Holstein- 

 borg and Upernavik (U.S. Biological Survey). The northernmost records are for Olrik Bay, where 

 the species was found breeding (F. M. Chapman, 1899) and Robertson Bay (77° 40' north lati- 

 tude) where a flock of twenty was seen in August (L. Gibson, 1922). On the east coast it occurs about 

 Angmagsalik (Helms, 1904) and has been found breeding as far north as Scoresby Sound (fide 

 Schalow, 1905). 



In Iceland the Harlequin is a fairly common breeding bird in many localities, being , . , 

 perhaps less abundant in the south than elsewhere (H. J. and C. E. Pearson, 1895; 

 Slater, 1901; Hantzsch, 1905; Millais, 1913; et al). 



Winter Range 



The Harlequin does not move far south to spend the cold season, and in many places is practically a 

 resident bird. In eastern Asia it has been taken as far south as Fusan, Korea (A. H. Clark, 1910) and 

 about Vladivostok it is said to be not rare (Bolau, 1880; Dorries, 1888). In Japan it Eastern 

 has not, so far as I know, been taken anywhere south of Yokohama and Tokyo Asia 

 (M'Vean, 1878; Blakiston and Pryer, 1882). Whitely (1867) has recorded it from Hakodadi and on 

 the Kuriles it is common (Seebohm, 1890). It winters also on the Commander Islands (Stejneger, 

 1887; Hartert, 1920). 



On the Aleutians (L. M. Turner, 1886; Nelson, 1887) and on the Pribilovs (Coues, 1875) it is 

 abundant in winter and the same is true of southern and southeastern Alaska (Hartlaub, 1883; Wil- 

 lett, 1914; L. Littlejohn, U.S. Biological Survey). Specimens have been taken on Van- Aleutians 

 couver Island in December and January (Taverner, 1917) and I presume along the Alaska 

 coasts of British Columbia. It is a rare bird on Puget Sound in winter (Edson, 1908; Pacific 

 Rathbun, 1915) and only very few are taken each year at Yaquina Bay on the Oregon Coast 

 coast (Woodcock, 1902). In California it has been taken or seen in winter as far south as Monterey 

 and Piedras Blancas, San Luis Obispo County, but there are only very few records of its occurrence 



