372 HISTRIONICUS HISTRIONICUS 



at all, most of them for the northern parts of the State (J. Grinnell, Bryant and Storer, 1918; J. Grin- 

 nell, 1922). 



In the interior a few winter occasionally about Fort Sherman, Idaho (J. C. Merrill, 1897) and in 



Colorado (W. L. Sclater, 1912), while stray specimens have been taken near Mandau, 



North Dakota, January 23, 1912 (fide Hartert, 1920a) , in Nebraska, September (Bruner, 



Wolcott and Swenk, 1905), two in winter near Kansas City (H. Harris, 1919), a few in winter in 



Missouri (Widmann, 1907) and a few in Iowa (R. M. Anderson, 1907). About the Great Lakes it is 



r T , more frequently seen. Hatch (1892) gives a few instances of its occurrence on Lake 



Superior in winter and Kumlien and Hollister (1903) state that it has been taken at 



Milwaukee and Racine, Wisconsin. It is occasionally taken in northern Illinois (Nehrling, 1885; 



Ridgway, 1895) and once on the Michigan side of Lake Huron (Covert, fide Barrows, 1912). So far as 



I know it has never yet been taken in Indiana, Ohio, or western Pennsylvania, though it has been shot 



at Buffalo and on the Niagara River in western New York (Eaton, 1901). 



On the Atlantic coast the Harlequin is found in winter in some numbers on the south and west 

 coasts of Newfoundland (Millais, 1913), and probably on Anticosti, too (Brewster, 1884). It used to 

 Atlantic be common in Nova Scotia (Langille, 1884; Downs, 1888) and especially on the Bay of 



Coast Fundy (Dresser, 1871-81) but is now very rare (H. Piers, in lift.). On the coasts of 



Maine, it has now become a rare bird (O. W. Knight, 1908; G. M. Allen, 1909; et mult, al.), but speci- 

 mens are still occasionally taken in Massachusetts and as far south as Rhode Island (Hathaway, 

 1913), Connecticut (Bishop, 1921) and Long Island (Eaton, 1901). According to W. Stone (1909) 

 it occurred rarely even in New Jersey, and Wayne (1918) says he saw four or six during a severe cold 

 spell on January 14 and 16, 1918, off the coast of South Carolina. According to Cooke (1906) a speci- 

 men was noted on March 20, 1886, near Pensacola, Florida! 



Greenland Mr. Schibler writes me that the Harlequin winters to some extent along the southern 



Iceland shores of Greenland. It winters also in Iceland, especially seeking the more southerly 



coasts during the cold weather (Hantzsch, 1905; Millais, 1913; et al.). 



European Occurrences 



The Harlequin has from time to time been taken in Europe. Specimens from the British Isles have 

 been recorded over twenty times, but after critical investigations (notably by J. H. Gurney, Jr., 

 1876) only the following four have been accepted as authentic by Millais (1913) and Witherby et al. 

 (1919-22) : one male from Filey, Yorkshire, autumn, 1862; two young males out of three seen, Fame 

 Isles, Northumberland, December 2, 1886; another, said to be the third of the preceding company, 

 also from Fame Isles. 



The species, curiously enough, seems never to have occurred in Norway. Millais (1913) says there 

 are specimens in the Bergen and Christiania Museums, but these must have been imported, since no 

 records are given in the exhaustive check-list of Schaanning (1913). In Sweden specimens have been 

 taken at Claestorp in eastern Vingaker in 1862 and at Carlskrona in 1893 (Westerlund, fide Millais, 

 1913). Mathey-Dupraz (1912) has reported a pair taken in July, 1906, at Advent Bay, Spitzbergen. 

 H. J. Pearson (1904) makes a vague statement that it has been recorded in autumn and winter from 

 the coast of Russian Lapland, but the only definite record I can find is that of two specimens taken in 

 July, 1856, at Kem on the west coast of the Gulf of Onega. I do not know on what evidence Seebohm 

 (1882a) bases his statement that it is rare at Archangel in summer, and I think the assertions of 

 Pallas (1831), Eversmann (fide Seebohm, 1885) and Harvie-Brown (1878) that it is rare in the Urals, 

 but breeds in the Jaroslav Government must be ignored, as resting on mistaken identification. I 

 have been unable to trace the origin of the oft-repeated statement that it is found on the Caspian and 

 Aral Seas in winter. None of the more recent investigators have met with the species, and the region 

 seems a very unlikely one. 



Floericke (1898) tells us that he found young Harlequins every year in November on the Kurische 



