4 I EPIDOPTERA HETER( M ERA 



[i. Fact rough-haired u. Genus ArisTjEa, Meyrick. 



— Face smooth 12. 



12. Middle tibiae thickened with den\e scales . . . ... 16. Genus Timodora, Meyrick. 



— Middle tibiae not thickened with dense scales . . . . . . i3. Genus Ornix, rreitschke. 



i3. Hindwings with 5 and 6 absent . . 14. Genus Exala, Meyrick. 



— Hindwings with 5 and 6 present 14. 



[4. Forewings with 11 absent . . i5. 



— Forewings with 11 -present . . [6. 



1 5. Forewings with 8 absent .... .3. Genus Marmara, Clemens. 



— Forewings wiik 8 pi escni 4. Genus Leucanthiza, Clemens. 



16. Middle tibiae thickened throughout with dense scales .... 17. Genus Gracilakia, Haworth. 



— Middle tibiae not thickened throughout n<ith dense scales . . . 10. Genus Parectopa, Clemens. 



1. Genus LITHOCOLLETIS, Hubner 



Lithocolletis. Hubner, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 423 (1826). — Type : L. alnifoliella, Duponchel. 

 Eucestis Hubner. ibidem, p. 423 (1826). — Type : L. ulmifoliella, Hubner. 



Cameraria, Chapman, The Entomologist, Vol. 35, p. 141 (1902). — Type : L. guttifinitella, Clemens. 

 Phyllonoryoter. Walsingham, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1907, p. 976 (1908). — Type : L. alnifoliella, 



Duponchel. 

 Porphyrosela. Braun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. 34, p. 348 (1908). — Type : L. desmodiella, 



Clemens. 



Characters. — Head roughly tufted on crown, face smooth. Antenna j about 1, basal joint 

 rather thick, usually with slight pecten. Labial palpi moderate or short, porrected, or drooping, filiform, 

 pointed. Maxillary palpi minute, filiform, porrected, or rudimentary. Posterior tibia? with loosely 

 appressed hairs, or rarely glabrous. Forewings lanceolate; 3 absent, 4 absent, 6 absent, 8 absent, 

 11 absent. Hindwings about one-half, linear-lanceolate, cilia 4-5; 3 absent, 4 absent, 6 absent. 



Imago in repose usually sitting with forepart somewhat raised. 



Larva cylindrical or flattened, segment 2 broadest, thence tapering posteriorly, legs and proleg^ 

 more or less well developed; mining in leaves, seldom in bark of shoots; the mine is a small blotch, 

 in the case of the more primitive species flat, but more generally having one surface silk-lined and thus 

 made to contract, producing a vaulted chamber; the contracting surface may be either on the upper or 

 under side of the leaf, but is usually constant in the same species. 



Pupa almost always within the mine, with or without a cocoon. 



Foodplants (known for 182 species) almost all Dicotyledonous trees and shrubs, mostly of the 

 orders Cupuliferae, Betulaceae, Leguminosae, Salicaceae, and Rosaceae, but also of 14 others; no less than 

 44 species are attached to the genus Quercus; only 5 feed on herbaceous plants; none on Compositae. 



Geographical distribution of species. — Almost confined to temperate regions ot the 

 Northern hemisphere, where the genus occupies a dominant position, many of the species occurring 

 in vast numbers; a very few stragglers are found in India and Australia and the West Indian islands, 

 and one undescribed species is mentioned by Zeller from South America; there is also one from South 

 Africa, but the insect described as Lithocolletis zulella Walsingham, probably does not belong to this 

 family. The origin of the genus is doubtless in North America, in comparatively recent time. 



The following grouping is based on markings of imago and larval habit, there being little variation 

 in other respects; the groups are apparently natural, but not strictly definable, and represent lines of 



