ETHNOLOGY. 277 



jaws belonging to them. The Negro's lower jaw may or 

 may not have the poorly-developed chin so constant in 

 the lower jaws of the Bushman, and but rarely seen in the 

 lower jaws of higher races ; it may or may not have its 

 anterior teeth sloping forwards in correlation with a pro- 

 gnathic upper jaw ; it may or may not, I apprehend, though 

 I have not met with such cases, be as a whole as small 

 and feeble as the jaws of the Bushman have, within my 

 knowledge, invariably been ; but it never has shown, so 

 far as I know, the low coronoid process, the shallow sig- 

 moid notch, and the wide ramus so very commonly, or 

 indeed all but invariably, found amongst not only the 

 Bushman but the Eskimo race. The existence of this 

 peculiarity not only in these two races so widely separated 

 in space, though so nearly on a level in certain linguistic 

 as well as certain other points of degradation, but also in 

 so many of the lower jaws of the earliest representatives 

 of our species, gives it a great morphological importance ; 

 and this morphological importance is not a little enhanced 

 when we consider a second fact, drawn from a wholly alien 

 line of contemplation, that, namely, which shows us that 

 teleological adaptation to special needs, or necessities rather, 

 as to dealing with food, has nothing to do with it. The 

 fact of six lower jaws all alike exhibiting this striking 

 peculiarity, which may be shortly described by saying that 

 it resembles the conformation seen in the Gibbon, whilst 

 the larger anthropoid apes show the coronoid developed into 

 a prominence which comes much more nearly into resem- 

 blance with that usual in our own species, is to my mind 

 very strong evidence to the effect that we have here six 

 Bushman jaws before us. In all of these lower jaws we 

 find the angle roughened and projecting outwards in cor- 

 respondence with the insertion of fibres of the masseter, 

 and thereby giving a greater width to the lower portion of 

 the face ; whilst, internally, the surface below the inferior 

 dental foramen is remarkably concave, owing in some 

 cases to a general though slight inversion of the lower 

 portion of the ramus, and in others to a thinning of the 



