ETHNOLOGY. 281 



crania, we have in the first place to demur to the state- 

 ment, "In Afrika, fehlt, so viel man bisher weiss, jedes 

 Spur brachycephalischer Bevolkerung." Against it have 

 to be set in the first place Professor Owen's words in the 

 old ' Osteological Catalogue,' 1853, p. 838, 5385, already 

 referred to ; and in the second, Professor Flower's measure- 

 ments (as recorded in the new ' Catalogue of the Speci- 

 mens illustrating the Osteology and Dentition of Verte- 

 brated Animals,' pt i. 1879, p. 232, 1238), of the 

 " articulated skeleton of a Negress, born in the United 

 States of North America, and about 16 years of age," 

 who was said, presumably by the donor, Professor L. J. 

 Sanford of Yale College, " to have presented all the 

 external characters indicating purity of race," the cephalic 

 or latitudinal index of the crania belonging to this skeleton 

 being no less than "8il. But though this be so, there is 

 no doubt, firstly, that the immense majority of Negro 

 and of Caffre and Abantu crania are dolichocephalic, and 

 some such, for example, as the Mozambique skull, casts 

 of which were given by the late Mr. J. South, F.R.S., to 

 many museums, exaggeratedly so ; and secondly that 

 the cephalic index of the Bushman is considerably higher 

 on the average than that of the Negro. One of my six 

 Bushman crania (that named No. I, Mr. F. Oates, 788^), 

 has a cephalic index of - 8i, being equal to that of the 

 Negro girl just mentioned in the College of Surgeons' 

 Museum ; and though one of the six has but 70 for its 

 cephalic index, still the average of the six is as much as 

 •75, and Professor Flower's six give us an average of 768 

 as against one of 731 for the circumambient " Zulus and 

 Kaffirs," and against one of 736 for "African Negroes of 

 various tribes." 



The altitudinal index is as significant as, if not more 

 significant than, the latitudinal ; and the tapeinocephalic 

 or platycephalic character of the Bushman as compared 

 with the two other assemblages of Africans just mentioned 

 is expressed by the figures 716, as against altitudinal 

 indices for them of 741 and 735 respectively. The 



