282 APPENDIX. 



average of the altitudinal indices of my six Bushman 

 crania is 72, the height exceeding the breadth in two 

 cases only, and in each of them by one-tenth of an inch 

 only. 



As important a question to ask about a skull as either 

 of the two relating to the two indices just mentioned, is, 

 to my thinking, the question, does the cranium when 

 resting, in the absence of its lower jaw, with the grinding 

 surfaces of its teeth on a flat surface, touch that surface 

 posteriorly with its occipital condyles, or with its inferior 

 occipital squamae ? Accordingly as the former or the 

 latter portions of the occipital bone give support posteriorly 

 to a skull so placed, is the cranial curvature lesser or 

 greater, and with it the antero-posterior arc described by 

 the brain it contains. Tried by this test, first suggested 

 by Prof. Ecker (' Archiv. fiir Anthrop.,' Bd. iv. 1 870, p. 288), 

 the six Bushman crania in the museum whence I write, 

 have four of their number resting on the occipital squamae, 

 as opposed to two which show the lesser curvature. I 

 incline to think that this is a higher average than West 

 Coast Negro crania would show, but Abantu skulls are 

 very frequently so well developed as to have a con- 

 siderable interval left between their occipital condyles 

 and a flat surface, touching anteriorly the grinding 

 surface of their teeth, and posteriorly their conceptacula 

 cerebelli. 



Another important point given us in that most in- 

 structive of normae, the norma lateralis, is that of the 

 junction or non-junction of the squamous to the frontal. 

 This question is easily answered, as in no single one of 

 my six Bushman crania does the squamous approximate 

 itself at all more closely to the frontal than it would do 

 in an equal number of European crania. Indeed, in all 

 but one of these crania the alisphenoid is wide from before 

 backwards, as though to furnish adequate lodgment for 

 the temporo-sphenoidal lobe of the cerebrum, which, we 

 know, alike from Gratiolet (' Memoire sur les Plis Cere- 

 braux,' p. 97), and Professor John Marshall (' Phil. 



