ETHNOLOGY. 289 



prevent it from being phoenozygous. One other condition 

 indeed, that of considerable development of the malar 

 arch, which produces phcenozygy, is present in Bushmen, 

 as in the skulls of other races exposed to the 'sun and 

 glare, and other irritants of the eyes ; but its working is 

 countervailed by that of thickness of the cranial walls. 

 All the Bushman skulls examined by Dr. Fritsch were 

 broad in the sphenoparietal diameter (see his ' Die 

 Eingeborene Sud-Afrika's,' 1872, p. 413). With two 

 exceptions, those constituted by the skull procured by 

 Mr. Fairclough and that presented by Dr. Bleek, the 

 supraciliary ridges and glabellas are comparatively feebly 

 developed. 



The parietal tubera, or the spots on the external sur- 

 face of the cranium corresponding to them, are placed far 

 back in all these crania, and what I have elsewhere spoken 

 of at some length x as the antero-posterior index, is conse- 

 quently high. The same remark, however, may be made 

 of Zulu and other Abantu crania. 



It has often been stated that the ears in Bushmen 

 are huge, misshapen, and outstanding. According, how- 

 ever, to trustworthy accounts of Professors Marshall and 

 Flower, and Dr. Murie and Professor Wyman ('Proc. Boston 

 Nat. History Soc.,' vol. ix. 1862, p. 56), the small size 

 of the lobule appears to be the only constant character of 

 this organ which is distinctive. (See Fritsch, I.e. p. 410.) 

 Much that has been written on the peculiarity known as 

 " steatopyga " in our own species might have been spared 

 if what the great naturalist Pallas had written on the 

 similar development called by the same name in one of 

 the most widely spread varieties of the sheep, had been 

 studied in the wonderful eleventh Fascicle of his ■ Spici- 

 legia Zoologica,' from p. 63 to p. 69. I will quote only a 

 few of the sentences of Pallas's account : — 



Page 64. — " In his quidem generalioribus, praesertim 

 deformatione caudae et auribus pendulis greges omnes 



1 'British Barrows,' pp. 563 and 677. 



U 



