388 APPENDIX. 



Order DIPTERA. 



In this order various species injurious to cattle and horses, including 

 six species of TabanidvE, one being the beautiful Tabanns Africaiius 

 of Gray (Griffith's Anim. Kingd., xv. pi. 1 14, f. 5), were taken ; also two 

 species of Hiftpobosca, and various specimens of the terrible Tsetse 

 (Glossina morsitans, Westwood, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, 

 p. 261, pi. 19, f. 1, ia-f), of which I have thought it desirable to 

 give a fresh figure — Plate VII., fig. 2, and Plate IX., figs. 5, 5«, 

 5^ (ed. 1, pi. G, f. 2, and pi. H, f. 5, t,a-b). The figure which I 

 gave of this insect, accompanying my original description, was after- 

 wards copied upon the title-page of Dr. Livingstone's Travels (without 

 acknowledgment), and in my memoir I ventured to suggest not only 

 that the Tsetse was identical with the Zimb of Bruce, but also possibly 

 with the Tsaltsalya ; and further, that " the fly that is in the uttermost 

 part of the rivers of Egypt," described by the prophet Isaiah (ch. vii. 

 18, 19), and considered as the cause of one of the plagues of Egypt, 

 may also have been no other than the Tsetse. Two notes recently 

 published on this insect, with suggestions of remedying or preventing 

 its attacks, may be added : — 



Lewis Hornor, in the ' Times,' 25th February 1879, writes, "Having 

 hunted in the African fly country and seen many horses and oxen die 

 of the bite, against which no external application is, I firmly believe, 

 any safeguard, I venture to call attention to the precautions adopted 

 by the Boer elephant-hunters in the interior. The Tsetse inhabits 

 narrow and clearly defined strips of country, familiar to all natives, 

 and readily evident to strangers. On approaching one of these 'fly 

 belts ' (so called) a halt is made, and inspanning again at sundown 

 the Boer treks through at night in safety. I only remember one case 

 of mishap, when, in crossing a belt near the confluence of the Chobe 

 and Zambesi, two or three oxen out of nearly forty were bitten, and 

 that, if my memory serves me, on a bright moonlight night." 



The African traveller Hildebrandt recommends strongly, in the 

 ' Korrespondenzblatt der afrik. Gesellschaft,' the use of petroleum for 

 those travelling in the tropics, as a protection against insects. Occa- 

 sional applications to the face and hands ensured entire freedom 

 from mosquitoes, and the same method sufficed to preserve horses and 

 cattle against the deadly attacks of the Dondorobo gadfly, which so 

 often cripples the movements of the explorer. Petroleum likewise 

 protected the Natural History Collections of the traveller from ants, 

 moths, etc. 



[The explanation of Plates V.-IX. is given on p. 389.] 



