464 Birds. 



Wigeon, Anas Penelope. Sometimes appears in flocks during win 

 ter, especially in long snows* 



Garganey, Querquedula Circia. Resident, breeding near lakes. 



Teal, Querquedula Crecca. Resident, but not common. 



Hooper, or wild swan, Cygnus ferus. Frequently rests in small 

 flocks on our lakes, in the passage northward in spring, and south- 

 ward in September and October. 



Grey goose, Anser palustr is. Flocks sometimes appear in spring. 



Bean goose, Anser segetum. A winter visitant. 



Brent goose, Anser Brenta. An irregular winter visitant. 



White-fronted goose, Anser albifrons. Stragglers sometimes occur 

 during the winter months. 



Goosander, Mergus Merganser. A winter visitant, breeding in 

 Orkney. 



Red-breasted goosander, Mergus serrator. Common in sheltered 

 bays in winter, and a few pairs breed among the more sequestered 

 islands. 



Cormorant, Phalacrocorax Carbo. Common. 



Shag or green cormorant, Phalacrocorax cristatus. Common* 

 Whether the " crested shag " of the Bass rock, figured by Bullock in 

 his illustrated catalogue, be the Carbo cristatus of Temminck or not, 

 the figure referred to evidently represents the common shag, in adult 

 summer plumage. 



Razor-bill, Alca Torda. Common in summer, breeding with Una 

 Troile on shelves in the cliffs. Young birds constitute the black-bill- 

 ed auk {Alca Pica) of authors. 



Puffin, Fratercula arctica. Breeds in immense numbers in grassy 

 parts of the precipices, where it burrows and deposits its egg. It ge- 

 nerally arrives about the 1st of April, and departs constantly on the 

 23rd of August. This year a flock was seen a week later than the 

 above-mentioned time ; an unprecedented occurrence, for the puffins 

 are generally as regular as clock-w r ork in their departure. 



Rotche, Mergulus melanoleucos. A regular winter visitant, but shy 

 and scarce. 



Foolish guillemot, Uria Troile. Arrives and departs at the same 

 time as the razor-bill. 



White- winged guillemot, Uria Grille. Resident and very common. 



Crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus. An occasional visitant. 



Eared grebe, Podiceps auritus. Solitary individuals sometimes seen. 



Little grebe, Podiceps minor. A rare winter visitant ; it appears 

 stationary in Orkney. 



