Insects. 731 



cited), as commonly occurring in Epiphron. It would therefore ap- 

 pear, if these species be distinct, that their distinction rests on this 

 character alone, and that Knoch thought it insufficient. The 3rd is 

 the Papilio Pharte of Hubner, Nos. 491 — 494, which differs from both 

 the preceding in wanting both ocelli and spots. The 4th is P. Cassi- 

 ope of Fabricius (Ent. Syst. iii. i. 238, n. 742), described as P. Mem- 

 non by Haworth (Ent. Trans, i. 332), and figured as P. Melampus by 

 Esper, (Schmett. t. 78, cont. 28, fig. 2) : this insect has been taken 

 repeatedly on the mountains of Cumberland, and is well known to my 

 English readers.* 



With regard to my choice of a name for the species now under con- 

 sideration, I have felt considerable difficulty, I will therefore explain 

 that, in the first place, from an examination of Fuesslin's original 

 figure and Hubner's later figures (of Ianthe), and Godart's (of Melam- 

 pus), in his ' Lepidopteres de France,' I feel convinced that these au- 

 thors intend to represent the species known as Erebia Melampus on 

 the continent of Europe, authentic specimens of w r hich, brought to 

 this country by M. Becker, are in the cabinets of the British Museum 

 and of Mr. H. Doubleday. Secondly : that although I see no reason 

 to doubt that Melampus is that variety of Knoch's Epiphron, which 

 occurs so frequently without the white- pupilled ocelli; yet we have no 

 evidence that the insects possessing and wanting such ocelli, are re- 

 ferrible to a single species ; and if not, the name must be retained to 

 those which possess the essential character as described, and not to 

 those which want the character, and are, by the original describer, 

 treated as a variety. Therefore, supposing two species confounded 

 under the name of Epiphron, one certainly remained unnamed, and 



* I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. E. Doubleday for the following syuonymes 

 of species noticed in these observations. 



Erebia Melampus, Boisd. Icon. Hist. t. 35,/. 5, 6. Ind. Meth. 26, n. 198. P. id. 

 Fuess. Verz. Schweiz. Ins. 31, n. 604, t. \,f. 6. Esp. Schmett. i. t. 31. Supp. 7,/. 2. 

 Ochsenh. i. 260, p. 45. P. Satyrus id. Godt. Enc. M. ix. 536, n. 155. Lep. de France, 

 ii. t. 16, f. 5, 6. P. Alcyone, Bork. Europ. Schmett. i. 96 et 244, n. 35, c. P. Ianthe, 

 Hubn. Pap. t. 122, /. 624, 625. 



Erebia Pharte, Boisd. Ind. Meth. 26, n. 197. P. id. Esp. Schmett. t. 120, cont. 

 75, f. 3, 4. Hubn. Pap.f. 491—494. Satyrus id. Godt. Enc. M. ix. 536, n. 156. Lep. 

 de France, ii. Fab. Meth. 26. God.-Dup. Lep. de France. Suppl. i. t. 34, /. 1, 2. 



Erebia Cassiope, Boisd. Ind. Meth. 26, n. 195. P. id. Fab. Ent. Syst. iii. i. 238, 

 n. 742. Ochsenh. i. 261, n. 44. Hubn. Pap.f. 626—629. Satyrus id. Godt. Ency. M. 

 ix. 535, n. 154. Lep. de France, ii. t. 15, f. 1, 2. Hipparchia id. Steph. III. (Haust.) 

 i. 63, t. 8, /. 1—3. P. Mnemon, Haw. Ent. Trans, i. 332. P. Melampus, Esp. 

 Schmett. t. 78, cont. 28,/. 2. 



