96 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



Garden Warbler, Golden -crested Wren, Goldfinch, Great Tit, Hawfinch, 

 Hedge-Sparrow (orDunnock), Hobby, Honey Buzzard, Kestrel, Kingfisher, 

 Landrail (or Corncrake), Lark, Lesser Whitethroat, Linnet, Long-tailed 

 Tit, Magpie, Martins, Merlin, Nightingale, Nightjar, Nuthatch, Osprey, 

 Owls, Plover (Lapwing or Peewit), Redstart, Reed Warbler, Robin (or Red- 

 breast), Sedge Warbler, Shrikes, Starling, Stonechat, Swallow, Swift, 

 Thrushes, Wagtails, Wheatear, Whinchat, Whitethroat, Willow Warbler, 

 Woodpecker, Wood Warbler, Wren, Wryneck (Cuckoo's-mate or Snake-bird). 

 Any person infringing this Order is liable on conviction to penalties 

 not exceeding £l for every bird or egg taken or destroyed. 



Few hard-and-fast characters used in zoological classification attain to 

 the legal definitions of the Medes and Persians. Thus we have " Sala- 

 manders with and without Lungs," the subject of a valuable communication 

 by Dr. Lonnberg in the ' Zoologischer Anzeiger ' of December last (No. 604, 

 p. 545). It had been proved by Wilder, Camerano, and Moore, as well as 

 by the writer of the article, that many Salamanders are normally deprived 

 of lungs. To these Dr. Lonnberg adds two more species, and gives a list 

 of those known to be without lungs, or to have these organs reduced. 

 There are also a number of species which possess well although differently 

 developed lungs. These Dr. Lonnberg proposes to divide into two classes, 

 viz. (1) such in which the lungs extend to the groin, and are about 60 per 

 cent, of the length of head and body, and (2) such in which the lungs 

 extend only about half-way between axilla and groin, and measure only 

 from 45 to 38 per cent, of the length of the head and body. " Camerano 

 has rightly pointed out the importance of the lungs as an hydrostatic 

 organ, and it seems quite probable that the great length of the lungs in 

 many forms is an adaptation to aquatic life. But the lungless Salamanders 

 are not necessarily obliged to lead a terrestrial life, even if many of them 

 do so; on the contrary, some of them are very positively aquatic in their 

 habits. In the latter case, however, they do not swim suspended in the 

 middle of the water, as the species of Molge, but crawl or wriggle at 

 the bottom." 



