SOME BIRDS IN IRELAND AND SWITZERLAND. 219 



European continent as high north as lat. 70° in Scandinavia. It 

 winters in Africa, Asia Minor, and Northern India. Occurs as 

 far east as the Ural Mountains in Russia. 



Sylvia rufa, Bodd. Greater Whitethroat. — Frequent in many 

 parts of Switzerland, and common summer visitor to Ireland. 



General distribution. — Over the greater part of Europe. Resi- 

 dent in Palestine (Saunders). Summer migrant in Asia Minor. 

 Winters in North Africa, Egypt, Abyssinia, and Arabia. Extends 

 farther east than the Whinchat. 



S. atricapilla, Linn. Blackcap. — Common in many parts of 

 Switzerland. Visits Ireland every summer, but in small num- 

 bers. Breeds regularly in Dublin, Wicklow, Kildare, and Queen's 

 County (Ussher). This bird has been observed by Dr. Patten in 

 the winter (February, 1890) at Bray, Co. Wicklow ('Naturalists' 

 Gazette ' for 1890). 



General distribution. — Widely distributed over Europe, North 

 Africa, and parts of Asia as a breeder. Migrates in winter to 

 Abyssinia and the Red Sea. 



Phylloscopus trochilus, Linn. Willow Warbler. — Common in 

 Ireland and Switzerland as a summer visitor. 



General distribution. — Over Europe and eastward to the 

 Caucasus, where it breeds. Winters in lat. South of France, 

 reaching as far as Cape Colony. 



P. collybita (Vieill.). Chiffchaff. — Common in Switzerland 

 and in Ireland in the summer. 



General distribution. — Resembles that of the last species, but 

 extends farther north in Europe. Widely distributed in winter 

 in the Southern Hemisphere. 



Regulus cristatus (Koch). Golden-crested Wren. — Common 

 in Switzerland and Ireland. 



General distribution. — Over Europe, South-west Asia, and 

 Northern Africa. Extends east to the Ural Mountains. 



Certhia familiar is, Linn. Tree Creeper. — Common in Switzer- 

 land and Ireland in woody districts. 



General distribution. — In most parts of Europe, being abun- 

 dant in the conifer woods of Norway. Reaches as far south as 

 Japan and China. Occurs eastward as far as Siberia. The North 

 American forms are somewhat different. 



Parus major, Linn. Great Titmouse. — Common in Switzer- 

 land and Ireland. o 2 



