SOME BIRDS IN IRELAND AND SWITZERLAND. 221 



and southern portions of Europe. Rare in Northern Germany 

 (Saunders). Breeds also in Northern Africa. Summer migrant 

 in many parts of Asia, and winter visitor to South Africa and the 

 Indo-Malayan Islands. 



M. rail (Bonap.). Yellow Wagtail. — Observed in Switzerland 

 on different occasions. Rather rare summer visitor to Ireland, 

 and locally distributed. Breeds " in the basin of Lough Neagh 

 both in Antrim and Armagh" (R. J. Ussher). In Dublin (E. 

 Williams). In Galway (Lord Lilford, recorded by R. J. Ussher). 

 Near Loughs Mask and Carra, in Mayo (R. Warren). 



General distribution. — Regular summer visitor to Western 

 Europe, i.e. west of Belgium. Extends south to West Africa. 

 The Eastern Asiatic species is distinct. 



Alauda arvensis, Linn. Sky-Lark. — Appeared rather scarce 

 in Switzerland, but probably was overlooked. Was heard in full 

 song in Chamonix, July, 1897. Common resident in Ireland. 



General distribution. — Throughout Europe and parts of Asia 

 in the summer, but in autumn moves southwards. Winters in 

 the central and southern portions of Asia and Africa. Found also 

 in the United States, Australia, and New Zealand (Saunders). 



Emberiza citrinella (Linn.). Yellow Bunting. — Common and 

 resident in Switzerland and Ireland. 



General distribution. — Widely distributed in Temperate 

 Europe as resident. Occurs in Asia Minor and Palestine. The 

 bird found in the latter country is somewhat distinct. 



Fringilla ccelebs, Linn. Chaffinch. — Abundant in Switzer- 

 land and Ireland as resident. 



General distribution. — Occurs plentifully all the year round 

 throughout Temperate Europe. Breeds also in the east and 

 north-east of Asia, as well as Persia. Winters in many parts of 

 Northern Africa. Foreign forms are subject to variation. 



Passer montanus, Linn. Tree- Sparrow. — Observed at Lucerne 

 in small numbers. Rare and local in Ireland, where it breeds. 

 Unknown to the latter country prior to 1852 (Saunders). A 

 young specimen from Crumlin, Co. Dublin,* is in Dr. Patten's 

 collection. It was obtained on Aug. 4th, 1898. For the chief 

 occurrences of this species in Ireland, see ' List of Irish Birds,' 



* Its breeding range in Co. Dublin is extending. Prior to 1898 it was 

 only supposed to breed near Baldoyle and Kaheny. 



