SOME BIRDS IN IRELAND AND SWITZERLAND. 223 



Donegal, Down, Armagh, Fermanagh, Dublin, Wicklow, Wexford, 

 Waterford, Cork ?, Kerry ?. 



General distribution. — Resident throughout the greater part 

 of Europe, migrating in winter across the Mediterranean to North 

 Africa. Also found in Western and South-western Asia. In 

 India a different species exists (C. spinoides). 



Pyrrhula europcea (Vieill.). Bullfinch. — Common and resi- 

 dent in Switzerland and Ireland. The large form with the very 

 brilliant red breast (P. major), which inhabits Northern and Eastern 

 Europe, was noticed in Switzerland. 



General distribution. — Throughout the greater part of Europe. 

 Also wanders to North Africa and Western Asia. 



Loxia curvirostra, Linn. Crossbill. — Observed in limited 

 numbers in some of the pine forests of Switzerland. In Ireland 

 it is rather rare and uncertain as a winter visitor. Locally dis- 

 tributed as a resident, breeding, or noticed in the breeding season, 

 in the following counties : — Down, Armagh, Fermanagh, West- 

 meath, Meath, Wicklow, Kiidare, Queen's Co., King's Co., Tip- 

 perary, Waterford, Cork, Kerry, Sligo (Ussher).* 



General distribution. — Resident over the pine forests of 

 Europe, North Africa, and Siberia. Winters in North China. 

 Occurs also in Western Asia and North America. 



Pica rustica, Scop. Magpie. — Common in Switzerland and 

 Ireland. 



General distribution. — Plentiful in Europe, Western and 

 South-western Asia, extending to China and Japan. Found 

 also in the northern portions of America and Africa. 



Garrulus glandarius, Linn. Jay. — Abundant in Switzerland. 

 Resident and local in Ireland. Breeds in King's Co., Queen's 

 Co.. Carlow, Kilkenny, Wexford, Tipperary, and North Water- 

 ford (Ussher). Like the English bird, the alpine Jay is poorer 

 in colour than the same species found in Ireland. 



General distribution. — Inhabits the wooded districts of the 

 European continent. The Asiatic and North African forms differ 

 from that found in Europe. 



* For further information concerning this bird, see (a) Ussher on " The 

 Crossbill," * Irish Nat.' vol. i. p. 6 ; also (b) Thompson, ' Birds of Ireland ' ; 

 (c) ' Zoologist,' 1889, p. 180. 



