244 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



enough was derived by ourselves from an Ape-like ancestor." 

 The keepers of the Zoological Gardens having informed Darwin 

 that Monkeys attack each other by the throat, Mr. Cunningham 

 thinks it " not impossible that the growth of the beard was 

 originally excited by the stimulus caused by such attacks, the 

 hair of the throat and around the mouth being regularly moved 

 and pulled by the adversary's jaws and teeth, or perhaps by the 

 hands." That the true cause of the loss of hair on the evolved 

 human body " was the wearing of clothes," will perhaps require 

 more support from anthropological facts than is certainly at 

 present obtainable. Starting from the fact that irritation of a 

 bone by blows will cause exostosis, the assumption is considered 

 " probable that the growth of the antlers was caused originally 

 by the ancestral stags butting their heads together, and so 

 irritating the frontal bone." The comb and wattle of the Cock, 

 Gallus bankiva, may owe its original stimulation to the " pecking 

 by the beaks of other birds " ; while the fleshy caruncle of the 

 Turkey Cock is ascribed to a similar origin. 



These extracts will suffice to show the line of argument used 

 to support this theory ; and our object being rather to "notice " 

 new books than to criticise new views, we think we* have fairly 

 focussed attention to this return from Darwin to Lamarck. The 

 central idea or argument is carried through the principal zoolo- 

 gical phyla, and to support it many interesting and little-known 

 facts are adduced, which will interest and instruct, though per- 

 haps not always convert the reader. 



If a second edition should appear, it will be well to revise 

 some personal names. On one page we read — Mr. Koland 

 Trimen, on the next he is Sir Roland Trimen ; Mr. Cronwright 

 Schreiner has certainly changed his name, but has not yet called 

 himself " Conrad " ; and the late Alfred Tylor did not spell his 

 name " Tyler." These are small matters, but Mr. Cunningham 

 will doubtless be glad to rectify them. 



Evolution. By Frank B. Jevons, M.A., D. Litt. 

 Methuen & Co. 

 Zoology has long been recognized as a progressive science — 

 and it is, In 1859 Darwin did not introduce the doctrine of 



