448 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES from SOUTH-WESTERN 



EUROPE. 



By Surgeon K. Hurlstone Jones, M.B., R.N., F.L.S. 



It is particularly to be understood that in writing the present 

 article no pretence is made at compiling a list of the birds for the 

 localities mentioned. To do so would require much longer periods 

 of observation, and fuller acquaintance with their avian fauna 

 than have fallen to the lot of the present writer. It being there- 

 fore understood that these are merely rough notes, it only 

 remains to make a few remarks concerning those portions of 

 South-western Europe the birds of which are the object of this 

 communication. 



The Channel Squadron, in which the writer had the honour 

 to serve, makes, as a rule, two visits annually to the South-west 

 of Europe, one in the autumn, and the other in the spring. It 

 has been in spare time during these cruises in 1898-9 that these 

 notes have been jotted down. 



The places in that portion of Europe under consideration 

 which have supplied these notes are Arosa Bay and the neigh- 

 bourhood, in the extreme north-west of Spain ; Gibraltar, and 

 portions of the adjoining Spanish mainland ; Lisbon ; and Sar- 

 dinia. In the autumn of 1898, when, however, only Gibraltar 

 and Arosa Bay were visited, not very many notes of the birds 

 were taken, as at that time more attention was devoted to the 

 Mollusca. In the spring and autumn of 1899, however, much 

 fuller observations were made, 



The country around Arosa Bay is widely and roughly culti- 

 vated, well-wooded, and thickly populated. It is hilly, but 

 possesses no great elevations. The woods, which, though very 

 numerous, are for the most part individually small, consist mainly 

 of pines, firs, and small oaks. The country is full of elevations 

 formed of old red sandstone, and often of most curious shapes, 

 resembling strongly the tors of Dartmoor, 



