ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM S.W. EUROPE. 455 



food, for apparently they did not hawk for prey outside the 

 limits of the town. At Gibraltar this species breeds in dozens 

 on the great precipice forming the North Front. At Lisbon, 

 Honda, Algeciras, and in Sardinia they were also plentiful, 

 though not nearly so numerous as about Arosa Bay and at 

 Gibraltar. 



F. cenchris. — The Lesser Kestrel was fairly common at Gib- 

 raltar and Ronda, where it was associated with the preceding 

 species. 



Phalacrocorax carbo. — The Cormorant was common at Arosa 

 Bay, Gibraltar, and Aranei Bay. 



P. graculus. — The Shag was common on the eastern front of 

 the rock at Gibraltar, and present also, but in less quantity, at 

 Aranei Bay, in Sardinia. 



Sula bassana. — Gannets were on rare occasions seen in the 

 harbour at Gibraltar, and in the straits outside, more especially 

 towards the African side, they were fairly common. Whilst 

 coming back to England, in December, 1899, in fairly rough 

 weather, numbers of these birds were seen on the coasts of 

 Portugal and Spain, whereas at other times of the year I have 

 not noticed them there. Off Cape Finisterre, in a strong north- 

 west gale, and many miles from land, a flock of about a hundred 

 were observed diving with great activity. One or two were 

 noticed in Arosa Bay on Dec. 10th. 



Ardea cinerea. — One Heron was seen at Arosa Bay in March. 



Anas boscas. — A few Mallards were present at Arosa Bay, and 

 at Gibraltar a large colony on a piece of artificial water just out- 

 side the gates, on the way to the North Front. These birds all 

 disappeared with the exception of a few pairs in the spring, and 

 the latter remained apparently to breed, as quite young ducklings 

 were observed in the beginning of May. 



Columba palumbus.—A few Ring-Doves were observed in the 

 cork-woods. 



C. livia.— One pair observed near Caldas de Reyes, at Arosa 

 Bay, in March. 



Turtur communis. — Turtle-Doves were first noticed at Arosa 

 Bay in May, when they were fairly plentiful throughout that dis- 

 trict, and where they were evidently breeding. 



Perdix cinerea. — A few Partridges occurred at Arosa Bay, 



