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failure is, and the only suggestion I can make is that it may be due to the young plants being unable to 

 compete with grass and weeds. Plants that do not start growth straight away after planting never seem 

 to recover, and though they may linger on for years, they seem unable to grow up into satisfactory stems. 

 In South Africa, where there are very successful Eucalyptus plantations, great stress is laid on weeding 

 and cultivating the plantations until the saplings have closed overhead. This has never been done in 

 India, as it is not essential with most trees, but is now being tried with Eucalyptus in the Punjab, and if 

 the method does not prove successful, I think all hope of using Eucalypts for forest operations in North 

 India must be abandoned. 



At present, therefore, in North India, Eucalypts are only used as ornamental and shade trees, for 

 which they are very popular owing to the rapid growth and great height reached. They are common 

 and conspicuous in all large stations, and usually stand well above most other trees. None of the species 

 hitherto tried are really easy to raise, and even the best are liable to suffer badly if the monsoon starts 

 early and catches the plants when they are small. The monsoon season with high relative humidity com- 

 bined with a high temperature and stagnant air is undoubtedly the unfavourable period for most species- 

 Frost in winter with a shade temperature down to 26 deg. F. has never, as far as I know, done any damage. 



The following species do well, of which the first three are by far the commonest. 



E. tereticornis Sm. This is the most widely grown and most successful. There are trees 128 feet 

 high and 8-10 feet girth at Changa-Manga in the Lahore district. 



E. rostrata Schl. Almost as common as the above, but not so straight in growth. I have measured 

 trees over 13 feet in girth. 



E. citriodora Hook. A very popular species in gardens owing to its scented foliage, but does not 

 reach a large diameter. 



E. maeulata has been repeatedly tried in Lahore, but hitherto has always failed. 



E. melanophloia F.v.M. This is the best of the Ironbarks grown. With irrigation it has reached 

 6 feet girth in 18 years. 



E. paniculata Sm. If Eucalypts were grown for timber in North India, this is the species I should 

 recommend. 



E. crebra F.v.M. Rather slower in growth than E. paniculata. 



E. siderophloia Benth. Grows about as well as E. crebra. 



E. szderoxylon A. Gunn. Can be grown, but does not really thrive, being branchy and crooked. 



E. Staigeriaua F.v.M. Grows well in Saharanpur, but seems to have nothing to recommend it 

 except its scented foliage. 



E. robusta Sm. Frequently grown and ornamental when young, but usually soon becomes branchy 

 and stag-headed. The only good old specimen I have seen was growing in a swamp. 



E. Kirtoniana F.v.M. This in India is extremely variable in bark. It is sometimes like E. robusta 

 in bark, and sometimes like a poor specimen of E. tereticornis, with intermediate bark-forms. I am in- 

 clined to think that it is a hybrid between these two species and closer E. robusta than E. tereticornis. 

 Trees nearly always show both horizontally and vertically placed foliage. The growth varies greatly, 

 being sometimes good and sometimes rather poor. 



E. rudis Endl. This species was only introduced in 1911, but has attracted considerable attention 

 owing to its rapid growth. With irrigation in Lahore it has reached 30 feet in height by 1 foot 8 inche 8 

 girth in 3 years from date of sowing the seed, and 60 feet by 4 ft. 11 in. girth in 10 years. 



E. saligna Sm. There are some very fine specimens at Amristar up to 7 feet in girth. In Dehra 

 Dun with a heavy rainfall (82 in.) it has done best out of 53 species tried, having reached 55 ft. in height 

 and 4ft. 3 in. in girth in 10 years. 



E. microtheca Fa.M. Grows well, but is rather apt to be crooked. 



E. melliodora A. Cunn. As for the above, but not so good. 



