338 



The term " Alpine species " is a practically convenient one, e.g., when selecting 

 seeds for countries with low winter temperatures. Many species grow in the coastal 

 districts, and we desire to know (a) the latitude, (b) whether the Eremsean flora 

 approaches the coast, as in certain areas of Western Australia, New South Wales, and 

 Queensland. The question of Geocols or Gaps should be studied in this connection. 



Howitt, in Trans. Roy. Soc, Vict., II, 114 (1891), dealing with the Eucalypts 

 of Gippsland, has a table in which he shows heights in instalments of 250 feet. He 

 catalogues every Gippsland species, and indicates the altitudes to which they ascend, 

 thus only E. pauciflora (coriacea) and E. stellulata are found as far as 5,000 feet. If 

 this table were accepted as a model, it could only be used for areas in which the altitude 

 would not be greatly varied by latitude. This is based on his " Distribution of the 

 Eucalypts " at p. 104, which gives a detailed account of and the occurrence of each 

 species with pretty full topographical notes, including the heights of the areas 

 referred to. 



In " Climatic and Geological Influence on the Flora of New South Wales," 

 Report, Aust. Assoc. Adv. Science, XI, 473 (1907), Cambage gives the maximum heights 

 at which the various species occur. The Eucalypts are — E. corymbosa, eximia, resinifera, 

 paniculata, siderophloia, crebra (p. 476) ; E. hemiphloia (p. 478) ; E. coriacea, viminalis, 

 amygdalina (radiata) (p. 479) ; E. coriacea, dives, piperita (p. 480) ; E. albens (p. 481). 



GEOCOLS. 



We now turn to " A Correlation of Contour, and Climate and Coal ; a contri- 

 bution to the Physiography of New South Wales," by T. Griffith Taylor, Proc. Linn. 

 Soc, N.S.W., XXXI, 517 (1906). 



He exhibited photographs of a stereogram he had shown a few months previously, 

 and showed (Plate XL VI) " that the Main Divide is constituted of three well-defined 

 land-masses separated by cols on a gigantic scale. For these the term Geocol is 

 suggested . . ." The word Geocol is now thoroughly established in the 



terminology of the physiographer, and to the botanical geographer it is valuable in that 

 it indicates gaps in a range where vegetation may descend to lower levels, and, 

 alternatively, spread and interchange to other levels. As regards the Eucalypts, study 

 of the Geocols is indispensable to a knowledge of their distribution, at least in eastern 

 Australia. 



In his Bulletin No. 8 of the Commonwealth Bureau of Meteorology, which has 

 the title " Physiography of Eastern Australia," 1911, Griffith Taylor refers, p. 12, to — 



" The Cassilis Geocol " (of New South Wales), and speaks of the region as perhaps the most interesting 

 physiographically in eastern Australia. He describes it fairly fully. At fig. 18 he shows it, and the legend 

 is " The Cassilis Geocol, bounded on the north by the Warrumbungle trachytes, the Liverpool basalts, and 

 the carboniferous sediments ; and on the south by the hard trias sandstone , ," 



