339 



At fig. 19 we have the three main contours of south-eastern Australia (1,000 

 feet, 2,000 feet, and 3,000 feet). Five geocols (Cassilis, Lake George, Cooma, Omeo, 

 and Kilmore) are marked. (See also fig. 28.) The Lake George geocol is described 

 at p. 14, the Omeo geocol at p. 15 (fig. 25). 



At p. 16 we have these five geocols of eastern Australia discussed with respect 

 to their influences on intercommunication. See fig. 27. At p. 17 the correlation of 

 contour and rainfall is considered. These geocols will be studied carefully by the 

 botanist of the future, who will find them invaluable in mapping out the distribution 

 of the Eucalypts. 



Let us now turn to " The Climate and Weather ot Australia," by H. A. Hunt, 

 Griffith Taylor, and E. T. Quayle, 8vo., p. 93, with many figures and maps. Published 

 by the Commonwealth Meteorologist, Melbourne, 1913. 



Fig. 56, " The Relation of Contour to Rainfall," should be compared with the 

 Climograph of N2. It shows the geocols admirably. Fig. 58, " Climatological Regions 

 with Type Nations," is a clear map, showing winter rains, dry region, summer monsoon, 

 and uniform rains. It is, of course, not so much subdivided as by Climographs. 



In " The Mountains of Eastern Australia and their effect on the Native 

 Vegetation," Journ, Roy. Soc, N.S.W., XLVIII, 267-280, with a map (1914), Mr. 

 Cambage refers (p. 274) to the geocols, and illustrates, chiefly with Eucalypts, how the 

 geographical distribution of plants is affected thereby. His summary at p. 279 

 contains the following passage : — 



'' A study of the topography of eastern Australia and of the distribution of the native flora along 

 and on each side of the mountain range which forms the Main Divide, serves to show that the two classes 

 of climate, moist and dry, produced on each side of this mountain chain, are not so much the result of the 

 position of the actual water-parting on the tableland, as that the eastern or ocean face of the plateau is fairly 

 high and steep, and at no great distance inland. The effect of the range in the south is to create three 

 climates, a humid and a dry one on the east and west sides respectively, and a cold one on the summit, 

 which acts as a barrier between two floras, which would otherwise to some extent commingle at lower 

 levels. 



In Queensland, a generally lower summit of the plateau, and an increase in temperatures owing to 

 the more northerly position of the range, permit the western or dry influence to cross the mountains in 

 various places, and allow many interior types of plant to thrive on the eastern watershed, while the moisture- 

 loving or coastal brush plants are largely excluded from these invaded areas. This invasion occurs in the 

 Goulburn River Valley near Cassilis in New South Wales, and at such places in Queensland as between 

 Toowoomba and Brisbane, between Jericho and Rockhampton, and between Hughenden and Townsville." 



The same author, in his pamphlet " Eastern Australian Topography and its effect 

 on the Native Flora," published by the New South Wales Committee for the British 

 Association meeting in Australia (1914), goes over much the same ground. 



